廣東汕頭市2024高考英語（二輪）閱讀理解練習(xí)（1）及答案 （附講解）

　　高考英語閱讀理解考前精講精練（答案）

　　閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)

　　Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).

　　60. The passage is meant to 　.

　　A. justify paying for faster services

　　B. discuss the morals of allocating things

　　C. analyze the reason for standing in line

　　D. criticize the behavior of queue jumping

　　解析：，waiting for your turn和市場競爭中出現(xiàn)的paying a price for faster service。第一段引出本文話題，

　　(2024安徽卷B篇)

　　Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (鋪砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.

　　63. The text is mainly about ______.

　　A. why paving roads reduces our water

　　B. how much we depend on water to live

　　C. why droughts occur more in dry climates

　　D. how human activity affects our water supply

　　解析：文章主要介紹了由于一些不合理的人類活動，導(dǎo)致了水資源的短缺，呼吁大家從我做起，從小事做起來保護(hù)水資源。文章的第一句就揭示了文章的主題：人類活動影響著水資源的供應(yīng)。

　　(2024天津卷C篇)

　　Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (繞行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

　　50. What could be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Charm of the Detour

　　B. The Road to Bravery

　　C. Creativity out of Necessity

　　D. Road Trip and Country Life

　　解析：作者以詩人William Stafford對繞行道的理解引題，加上自己的親身經(jīng)歷，進(jìn)一步理解了繞行道更深刻的意義——它會讓你發(fā)現(xiàn)旅行中最好的部分，也發(fā)現(xiàn)最好的自己。由此我們概括出文章的標(biāo)題：繞路的魅力。

　　二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題

　　細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對閱讀材料中某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。它的設(shè)題方式主要有以下兩種：

　　1. 以what, who, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑問句的方式來提問，針對文章中的具體事物、人物、時間、地點(diǎn)、原因(目的)、方式等來設(shè)問考查。解這類題時，大家可以帶著問題去閱讀文章，最后采用“對號入座”的辦法，把原文信息跟后面的題目對照，最后確定出正確答案。如:

　　(2024 江蘇卷D篇)

　　I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

　　65. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?

　　A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.

　　B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.

　　C. Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.

　　D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.

　　解析：根據(jù)文中信息，Stowe的小說正面抨擊奴隸制問題，而馬克?吐溫則通過故事來抨擊奴隸制和種族歧視，可見馬克?吐溫對種族歧視的抨擊不那么公開。

　　(2024課標(biāo)卷I A篇)

　　Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home form Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.

　　56. Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?

　　A. They took a later flight.

　　B. They had early bookings.

　　C. Their flight had been delayed.

　　D. Their flight had been cancelled.

　　解析：本文為夾敘夾議文。作者通過講述自己的親身經(jīng)歷來闡明觀點(diǎn)，即如何獲取金錢的最大利用價(jià)值，從而理性消費(fèi)。利用關(guān)鍵詞查詢可以在第一段中找到The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day這些相關(guān)信息。由該句可知，因?yàn)楹桨喑瑔T，航空公司(Delta)以信用卡的形式補(bǔ)償我們每人400美金，要我們放棄座位，第二天再離開。故選A項(xiàng)(他們乘坐了較晚的航班)。

　　2. 以不完整的句子形式，針對文章的某個細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)題，考查考生對此事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的認(rèn)定和理解能力。如：

　　(2024課標(biāo)卷I B篇)

　　Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise (同樣地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

　　61. Babies are sensitive to the change in ______.

　　A. the size of cards

　　B. the colour of pictures

　　C. the shape of patterns

　　D. the number of objects

　　解析：，When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves可知，，D。

　　三、推理判斷題

　　推理判斷題主要考查考生對文章的深層理解和挖掘，往往針對作者的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)、文章的隱含意義、 文章的寫作目的、 文章的體裁或者出處來設(shè)題考查。題干中往往含有一些標(biāo)志性詞語: infer, suggest, imply, conclude等。

　　命題方式一般有：

　　What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　What does the second paragraph suggest?

　　What attitude does the author of the text have towards …?

　　What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

　　做推理判斷題時，考生要注意挖掘文章的隱含信息，從已知獲得未知，而不是憑空臆斷。很多文章，尤其是記敘文和議論文，其語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)及作者的寫作意圖。考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀文章并找出反映語境褒貶性的關(guān)鍵性詞匯或句子，這對我們掌握文章主旨文意、 把握作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷大有好處。如：

　　（2024江蘇卷 C篇）

　　If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly — and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.

　　64. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs 　.

　　A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression means

　　B. gradually developed measures against the bends

　　C. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles

　　D. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it

　　解析：根據(jù)文中信息，如果魚龍確實(shí)曾經(jīng)進(jìn)化得到了一種抗減壓病的機(jī)能，那么這種進(jìn)化一定會發(fā)展很快，但是奇怪的是，它們后來失去了這一機(jī)能。因此Dr Rothschild可能得出的結(jié)論是：魚龍沒有進(jìn)化得到一種抗減壓病的機(jī)能。

　　(2024課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ A篇)

　　Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.

　　57. What can we learn about the author?

　　A. She rarely misses a good deal.

　　B. She seldom makes a compromise.

　　C. She is very strict with her children.

　　D. She is interested in cheap products.

　　解析：根據(jù)文中第三段可知，作為一名一流的討價(jià)還價(jià)高手，作者知道每一美元的價(jià)值，由此推斷，她幾乎不會錯過任何一筆能獲利的交易，故選A。

　　(2024課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ C篇)

　　But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J.K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).

　　67. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?

　　A. Favorable.

　　B. Uncaring.

　　C. Doubtful.

　　D. Friendly.

　　解析：astonished可知，58%的人也產(chǎn)生了懷疑，C項(xiàng)。

　　(2024安徽卷 A篇)

　　The Healthy Habits Survey(調(diào)查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.

　　59. The text probably comes from _____.

　　A. a guide book

　　B. a popular magazine

　　C. a book review

　　D. an official document

　　解析：本文介紹了對美國年長者健康生活習(xí)慣的調(diào)查結(jié)果及專家建議。這是一份調(diào)查報(bào)告，出現(xiàn)的地方最可能是雜志，故選B項(xiàng)。

　　四、語義猜測題

　　語義推測題考查的可以是單詞，也可以是短語或句子；可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞生義；還可以是代詞的指代。

　　語義猜測題常見命題形式有：

　　The underlined word can be best replaced by ________.

　　Which of the following has the closest meaning to…?

　　What does the underlined word … probably mean?

　　語義猜測題常用解題技巧有：1. 根據(jù)上下文語境進(jìn)行猜測； 2. 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等)進(jìn)行猜測； 3. 根據(jù)因果、遞進(jìn)、對比、轉(zhuǎn)折、同位等關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。如：

　　(2024課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ

　　C篇)

　　The CRF’s produce is “green”, made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series — with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆), cheese and other flavors — also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.

　　47. The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _____.

　　A. are particular about chocolate

　　B. know little about cocoa beans

　　C. look down upon others

　　D. like to try new flavors

　　解析：根據(jù)chocolate snobs后面的定語從句句意“他們認(rèn)為自己比別人更了解巧克力”可推斷出答案為A項(xiàng)：這些人對制作巧克力的原材料很挑剔。

　　（2024江蘇卷 D篇）

　　Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自傳) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows?in his youth ?mostly with white men performing in black-face ?and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. t. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　69. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

　　A. The attacks.

　　B. Slavery and prejudice.

　　C. White men.

　　D. The shows.

　　解析： 根據(jù)最后兩句可知，沒有理由認(rèn)為馬克?吐溫把這些戲劇看作是代表現(xiàn)實(shí)的，而他頻繁地抨擊奴隸制和偏見表明他清晰的意識，這些戲劇并不能取代現(xiàn)實(shí)。they指前文提到的the shows。

　　(2024山東卷 D篇)

　　Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.

　　72. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A. Customers of Sparrow restaurants.

　　B. Sparrow restaurants.

　　C. Customers of other fast-food chains.

　　D. Other fast-food chains.

　　解析：本文主要介紹了快餐連鎖店Sparrow的經(jīng)營遭受到了前所未有的困難，在此危難關(guān)頭新的CEO Carl Pearson用自己獨(dú)特的經(jīng)營理念拯救了它，使它一躍成為最成功的快餐連鎖店之一。劃線單詞所在句子表達(dá)為：他作的調(diào)查顯示那些在Sparrow消費(fèi)過的顧客對其充滿積極支持的態(tài)度，而其他快餐店的顧客也不愿意離開它們，由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐連鎖店”，故選D項(xiàng)。

　　(2024北京卷 A篇)

　　The advanced EP also heats the room evenly, wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.

　　58. The underlined word “evenly” in Paragraph 4 probably means _____.

　　A. continuously

　　B. separately

　　C. quickly

　　D. equally

　　解析：根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，此款加熱器可以很均勻地加熱屋子而不像其他加熱器那樣只加熱屋子中心部分，故此題選擇D項(xiàng)equally “平等地，均勻地”。

　　閱讀理解

　　Just over a quarter of American adults now read news on their cell phones, according to a new report from the Pew Research Center. The survey results being released by the group Monday offer another sign of how people are changing the way they get information. Technology has been reshaping the news business and the way consumers relate to it for more than a decade. The latest shift is being driven by the exploding popularity of phones that can easily access the Internet.

　　The new study found that 26 percent of Americans get news on their phones. Pew doesn’t have comparable data for say, two or three years ago. But evidence of the shift in habits can be seen in this finding: About 43 percent of those under 50 said they are mobile news consumers, compared with 15 percent of older respondents.

　　Still, some things don’t change. Readers’ No. 1 concern when they look for news on their phones: the weather. Of the 37 percent of cell phone owners who said they use the Internet on their phone, 72 percent said they check weather reports. Current events came in second with 68 percent.

　　Pew’s survey offered a wide range of statistics on people’s news habits. It showed people are not relying on one medium. Just shy of 60 percent of respondents get news from both online and offline sources. And 46 percent said they use four to six different types of media on a typical day. The Web is also helping to turn the news into more of a social experience: More than 80 percent of respondents get or receive news via e-mailed links.