廣東省2024屆高考英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)三輪總復(fù)習(xí)課件：語(yǔ)法講練（北師大版）第1講主謂一致

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　　②主謂一致遵守的“承前原則”句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由遠(yuǎn)離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞確定。此類(lèi)句式有：A with B…/A along with B…/A together with B…/ A as well as B…/A including B…/A except/(but) B…謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由遠(yuǎn)離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞A確定。

　　③all, some, the rest of…分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)實(shí)際意義確定。all指物，表示“一切”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，指人時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　④集合名詞作主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。強(qiáng)調(diào)成員，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如： My family were watching TV when the electricity was cut off。

　　2．確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式還有以下幾種情況：

　　①不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。

　　②and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表達(dá)同一概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。這類(lèi)名詞如 knife and fork(刀叉)；bread and butter(黃油面包), horse and cart(馬車(chē))等。

　　③動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。

　　4 從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。

　　④當(dāng)every A and every B/each A and each B/ no A and no B/ many a A and many a B作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　⑤Many a ＋單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　⑥More than one ＋單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　⑦One and a half ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　⑧表語(yǔ)前置，主語(yǔ)在后，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)一致。

　　⑨進(jìn)行時(shí)中的現(xiàn)在分詞提前，主語(yǔ)在后，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)一致。

　　第1講　主謂一致

　　什么叫主謂一致

　　寫(xiě)出括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式

　　1. I __________(be) the ninth letter of the alphabet.

　　是字母表中第9個(gè)字母。

　　2. Both the touch-me-not and the forget-me-not __________(be) plants.

　　含羞草和勿忘我都是植物。 is　

　　are

　　3. Attitude __________(decide) everything.

　　態(tài)度決定一切。

　　4. Opinions about whether to go into details about the issue__________(vary) from person to person.

　　關(guān)于是否深入問(wèn)題的細(xì)節(jié)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，觀點(diǎn)因人而異。 decides　

　　vary

　　句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上的統(tǒng)一性叫主謂一致。

　　能否將主謂一致理解為“主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)”？

　　翻譯下列句子，標(biāo)出句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　1. 書(shū)籍是人類(lèi)的好朋友。 2

　　【答案】Books主

　　are謂 good friends to man

　　2. 一個(gè)流浪漢躺在公園的長(zhǎng)凳上，雙手抖個(gè)不停。 2 【答案】 A_homeless_man主 was_lying_on謂 the bench in the park, with both his hands trembling.

　　3. 許多抽煙者把醫(yī)生的忠告當(dāng)耳邊風(fēng)。【答案】 Many_a_smoker主 turns_a_deaf_ear_to謂 the doctor's advice.

　　4. 當(dāng)時(shí)一千英鎊是一大筆錢(qián)。 2 【答案】 One_thousand_pounds主 was謂 quite a big sum of money at that time.

　　5. 羊主要吃草。【答案】 Sheep主 feed謂 on grass.

　　主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)不一定用復(fù)數(shù)(如例句4)；主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式謂語(yǔ)也不一定用單數(shù)(如例句5)。

　　觀察每組句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，嘗試找出其中的規(guī)律

　　1. (1) Birds of a feather flock together. 物以類(lèi)聚。

　　(2) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意時(shí)。

　　　2. (1) The wounded need medicine and food.

　　傷員們需要藥品和食物。

　　(2) The wounded is his cousin.

　　那個(gè)傷員是他的表弟。主謂一致有什么原則？ 3

　　3. (1) Not only Beijing but also other cities in China have taken on a new look.

　　不僅北京而且中國(guó)其他城市的面貌也煥然一新。

　　(2) Not human resources but the system counts. 不是人力資源而是制度起決定作用。　

　　4. (1) English as well as other languages has its own rules.

　　同其他語(yǔ)言一樣，英語(yǔ)也有其自身特點(diǎn)。 3

　　(2) There is only one teacher and twenty-six students in this remote school.

　　這所偏遠(yuǎn)的學(xué)校有一個(gè)老師和26個(gè)學(xué)生。

　　主謂一致原則有：

　　1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則。即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(如例句1)。

　　2. 意義一致原則。即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的實(shí)際意義決定。同樣形式的主語(yǔ)含義不同時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)形式有變化(如例句2)。

　　3. 就近原則。即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由靠近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞確定(如例句3)。

　　4. 承前原則。即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由遠(yuǎn)離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞確定(如例句4) 4

　　完成下列句子，注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式　

　　1. The problem __________(need) further discussion and we'll discuss it next Wednesday.

　　2. All the employees in this joint venture______________(pay) by the job.　

　　3. Oil __________(be) to industry what blood is to the body. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式怎樣確定？ needs　

　　are /were paid　

　　is　 4

　　4. The doctor and teacher __________(speak) good English thanks to having lived abroad for years. 　5. Growing vegetables __________(need) constant watering. 　 6.

　　To be a pilot __________(be) his dream. 　7. When he will be set free from the prison __________(remain) a big problem. 　 8.Neither the hostess nor her children__________(like) hot food, so please don't add pepper. speaks

　　is/was

　　needs

　　remains 　

　　9. Look! The mother cat with all her babies__________(run) after a mouse.

　　10. Since all __________(be) ready and all of us __________(be) here, let's begin our meeting.

　　11. Each book and each dictionary here_____________(publish) by BNUP last year.

　　12. Many a visitor __________(have) such an experience so far. are running　

　　are

　　is was published　

　　has had 4

　　13. More than one person__________(charge) with theft the other day.

　　14. One and a half buildings__________(burn) in the big fire last night.

　　15. His family __________(be) very large.

　　16. Gone __________(be) the days when teachers were looked down upon.

　　was charged　

　　was burnt　

　　are 4

　　17. Growing in the field __________(be) green crops. What a beautiful scenery!

　　18. There __________(be) no reply from the company in charge up to now. are　

　　has been

　　1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般是根據(jù)主謂一致的原則來(lái)確定：

　　①主謂一致遵守的“就近原則”句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由靠近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞確定。此類(lèi)句式有：Neither A nor B…/Either A or B… / Whether A or B… /Not only A but also B … /A or B… /Not A but B …/There be A and B。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由靠近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞B確定。 4