專題三 說明文型書面表達

　　專題三　說明文型書面表達 專題三 │ 專題導讀 說明文是以說明為主要表達方式， 要求用簡潔明快的語言來解說事物、闡明事理， 從而給讀者提供知識的一種文體。近幾年高考說明文多數以圖表、表格或文字的形式給出提示， 并往往融合在應用文體中進行考查， 一般分為：場所路線介紹；事物介紹；方式、方法或計劃、安排介紹三大類。在寫作時要求語言簡明扼要， 通俗易懂， 說明過程講究層次性和條理性。寫作時要注意：

　　專題導讀 專題三 │ 專題導讀

　　1. 要注意寫作順序。要特別講究文章的層次和條理， 能反映客觀事物本身邏輯順序。對于不同的說明對象， 在組織結構上可按時間、空間、結構、工藝程序、計劃安排等順序來寫。 2. 注意說明方法。可采用舉例、比較、對比分析、敘述等方式來描述， 可采取先舉例后總結或者先總結后舉例的結構模式。不需要發表主張， 抒發個人情感。 3. 這種文體通常用第三人稱， 時態以一般現在時為主。 專題三 │ 真題典例

　　[2011·江蘇卷]

　　下面這幅照片展現了女兒為回家的媽媽拿包的情景。請根據你對這幅照片的理解用英語寫一篇短文。

　　真題典例 專題三 │ 真題典例 你的短文應包含以下內容：

　　描述照片內容，如情景、人物、動作，等等； 2. 結合自身實際，談談你的感想； 3. 舉例說明你能為家長減負做些什么。 注意： 1. 可參照圖中文字及下面文章開頭所給提示，作必要的發揮想象。 2. 詞數150左右。開頭已經寫好，不計入總詞數。 3. 作文中不得提及考生所在學校和本人姓名。 專題三 │ 真題典例 The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children.———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 專題三 │ 真題典例

　　【解析】

　　One possible version：

　　The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children.

　　The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day's work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In response, the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels. 專題三 │ 真題典例

　　All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she could to let me have the best. But, totally engaged in my own study, I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels，and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return. Now I know I can do my bit to help with the everyday washing, bedroom cleaning, or at least prepare breakfast myself, so as to share mother's daily burden. The picture convinces me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a “good” student. 專題三 │ 新題預測

　　(一)

　　假定你是李華， 準備參加學校舉辦的主題為“How to protect ourselves in the school？”的英語征文比賽。請按要求寫一篇短文， 主要內容包括：在學校發生地震或火災時， 我們應該如何保護自己？

　　新題預測 專題三 │ 新題預測

　　措施

　　發生地震 發生火災 在課堂：①聽從老師指令；②有秩序 地采取有效的防護措施(如躲在課桌底下、用書包護住頭部)在操場：①呆在原地；②蹲下并且雙手護頭……團結一致， 克服困難。保持冷靜；

　　報警并告知具體出事地點； 找到安全出口迅速逃生， 千萬不要乘電梯； 找不到出口： ①要呆在室內； ②不要開門； ③用濕毛巾捂口； …… 專題三 │ 新題預測 要求： 1．只選其中一種突發災害闡述自己的觀點； 2．至少寫出三點措施； 3．可以適當增加細節， 以使行文連貫。 注意：1. 詞數120左右； 2. 開頭已經為你寫好， 不計入總詞數。 Life is not easy. As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves in the school. When —————————————————————————————————— 專題三 │ 新題預測 【解析】

　　(一) 范文1：

　　Life is not easy. As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves in the school. When an earthquake happens, first we should calm down, which is the most important. Shouting and crying is of no use. Follow the teachers' guidance and keep our actions in order. Second, hide beneath our desks with the schoolbags on our heads if 專題三 │ 新題預測

　　we are in class. That can keep us a little safer. Be sure not to jump off the building.

　　Third, if we are on the playground, don't move. Sit on our feet and use hands to cover our heads so that they can be kept from being hit on. At last, help each other. Faced with natural disaster, individual power is tiny. Only by uniting can we overcome the difficulties. These are my suggestions. Keep them in mind and maybe some day we can survive in case of an earthquake! 專題三 │ 新題預測 范文2：

　　Life is not easy. As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves in the school. When a fire breaks out, don't forget to call 119 for help and tell the police the detailed address so that the fire-fighters can get there in time. Then we should try to find a safe exit to escape. Never take a lift because the electricity may be cut off if there is a fire; otherwise we will be trapped in the lift. Next, if we can not find the way out, just stay in a room. Don't open any hot door 專題三 │ 新題預測

　　but stay close to the floor! As we all know, smoke can be more dangerous than fire. In many cases, the air near the floor is fresher. If possible, try to cover our mouths with wet towels to prevent taking too much heavy smoke and wait for rescue. These are my suggestions. Keep them in mind and maybe some day we can survive in case of a sudden fire!

　　專題三 │ 新題預測

　　(二)

　　假如你是王文， 住在銀川。請你介紹你的家鄉銀川的情況， 其中須包括下表中的內容。 自然情況 位于黃河邊， 風景優美，適合居住 成　就 1. 經濟發展迅速；

　　2. 新建了不少工廠、住房、道路等。 存在問題 1. 水、空氣污染；

　　2. 交通擁擠。 對銀川發展的看法 你的看法 專題三 │ 新題預測 注意： 1. 詞數100左右， 信的開頭已為你寫好， 不計入總詞數。 2. 參考詞匯： economy

　　n．經濟

　　I'd like to tell

　　something about my hometown Yinchuan. 　

　　專題三 │ 新題預測 【解析】

　　(二) One possible version：

　　I'd like to tell

　　something about my hometown Yinchuan. The city stands on the bank of the Huanghe River. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some 專題三 │ 新題預測

　　problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Yinchuan should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better hometown in future.

　　專題四 應用文型書面表達

　　專題四　應用文型書面表達 專題四 │ 專題導讀

　　應用文是高考英語書面表達最常見的一種考查體裁。它接近考生的生活實際， 易于表達， 能充分考查考生的寫作水平。其內容常以解說事物為主， 要求把事物的性質、對象、目的、發生的時間和地點等情況表達清楚， 使讀者對此事物有一個完整、準確的了解。常見的應用文有書信(包括電子郵件)、通知、日記、便條、啟事、演講稿等， 其中以書信最為常見。書信一般可分為兩大類：商業書信和私人書信。

　　專題導讀 專題四 │ 專題導讀 從內容上看書信的種類很多， 主要包括致歉信、致謝信、筆友信、慰問信、投訴信、邀請信、介紹信、自薦信、求職信、讀者請求的解答信及答復讀者的信等。 目前高考應用文的考查一般是提供簡單的格式， 不需要考生在格式上多動腦筋， 因此考生只需把主要精力投入到行文中即可。在應用文的寫作中應注意： 專題四 │ 專題導讀 1. 力求語言使用平實、簡潔、準確， 突出實用性， 句子不宜過長， 這樣讀者(或聽眾)就可以快速捕捉到文章表達的基本信息， 如：時間、地點、參加人、理由或者是活動內容等。 2．根據不同的文體采用不同的人稱和時態， 如日記一般用過去時， 通知用一般現在時和將來時等。 專題四 │ 真題典例

　　[2011·遼寧卷]

　　假定你是李華，將于今年七月從新星外語學校畢業。你從報紙上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘書，你很感興趣。請給該公司寫一封求職信，包括下列要點：

　　1．年齡；

　　2．學習情況及英語水平；

　　3．興趣和特長；

　　4．性格特點。

　　注意：1.詞數100左右；

　　真題典例 專題四 │ 真題典例

　　2．可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；

　　3．開頭語和結束語已為你寫好。

　　June 8 Dear Sir/Madam，

　　I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary.————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— I'm looking forward to your reply.

　　Sincerelyyours，

　　Li Hua 專題四 │ 真題典例 【解析】 One possible version：

　　June 8 Dear Sir/Madam，

　　I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary. I'm really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.

　　I'm 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July. I'm an excellent student，among the top 5 in my class of 50 students. I'm 專題四 │ 真題典例 good at English，especially spoken English. I often use the computer and I type very fast. In my spare time，I read a lot. Poems are my favorite. I enjoy music very much too. Being an active young person，I like sports and outdoor activities. Besides，I'm easy to get along with and I like to make friends.

　　I'm looking forward to your reply.

　　Sincerely yours，

　　Li Hua 專題四 │ 新題預測

　　某英文報近期舉辦以“感恩與我同行” 為主題的英語征文大賽。請你根據下圖及提示的內容寫一篇感恩老師的英文短文參賽。

　　新題預測 主要內容： 1. 感謝老師的關心鼓勵； 2. 感謝老師的辛勤勞動； 3. 感謝老師的諄諄教誨； 4. …… 注意：1.短文須圍繞“感恩與我同行”的主題； 2．短文須包括所有內容要點，并適當發揮； 3．詞數：120左右。 專題四 │ 新題預測

　　Thanks to You, My Teacher ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 專題四 │ 新題預測 【解析】 One possible version：

　　Thanks to You, My Teacher

　　I would like to thank you for all the help you have given me. You are very friendly to everyone in our class. You always get on very well with us students.

　　What impresses me most is that you are not only our teacher but also our friend. You are always so patient whenever we ask you questions. We are all moved when you 專題四 │ 新題預測 listen carefully and explain everything so thoroughly. You show us different ways to learn English. We feel so encouraged and become more comfortable in your class. You make your class so lively and interesting that every one of us is always eager to participate and practice. Our English has improved so much.

　　You teach us not only how to learn English well but also how to be good citizens. We owe much to you, my teacher. 專題一 │ 新題預測 Then we were attracted by the stands of various clubs. It was really amazing that they have organized such colorful activities I just can't wait for such a wonderful college life!

　　Inspired by what I saw during the day，I am determined to try my best to get admitted to the university. 專題二 議論文型書面表達 專題二　議論文型書面表達　 專題二 │ 專題導讀 議論文是高考英語試卷中最常考查的文體之一。一般選取考生所熟悉的社會上的熱點和焦點問題， 通過剖析事物來論述事理、發表意見或提出主張。在具體的寫作中要求通過擺事實、講道理、辨是非等方式來確定其觀點的正確或錯誤， 樹立或否定某種觀點或主張。近幾年的高考書面表達中， 議論文的命題形式是以文字提綱、圖畫和表格的方式來呈現寫作材料的。寫作方法主要是三段式作文法。

　　專題導讀 專題二 │ 專題導讀 所謂三段式作文法， 就是將一篇書面表達按三段的寫作模式布局謀篇， 即開頭、正文、結尾。三段式寫作模式思路清晰， 結構分明， 是考生提高自己作文檔次的最佳選擇。 (1)第一段開門見山直奔主題， 提出要解決的問題或觀點， 或者交代清楚時間、地點、人物、做什么。 專題二 │ 專題導讀 (2)第二段擺出事實或提出論據， 或者把事情發展的經過詳細寫出來。該部分條理要清楚， 過渡要自然， 也就是評分細則所要求的“有效地使用了語句間的連接成分， 使全文結構緊湊，完全達到預期的寫作目的”。 為了迅速把握句與句、段與段的連接方式， 很有必要熟記各種表示邏輯意義的過渡詞語。 專題二 │ 專題導讀 (3)最后一段， 得出結論。可以有三種方式： ①重復中心思想， 回到文章開頭提出的中心思想或主題上， 達到再次肯定和強調的效果。 ②引用。用格言或名人名言總結全文， 既言簡意賅，又有較強的說服力。 ③得出結論。文章最后用幾句話概括全文內容， 并進一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者觀點。

　　專題二 │ 專題導讀

　　寫此類文體可以遵循如下的寫作模板： 模板1.1：觀點對比

　　The topic about … is becoming more and more popular in our school recently. There are two kinds of opinions about it.

　　Some students prefer to consider doing sth. (Some students say … is their favorite.) They think that…__理由一__. What's more, …__理由二__．Moreover, … __理由三__． 專題二 │ 專題導讀

　　However, others believe … is a better choice for three reasons. To begin with, …__理由一__．Next，…In addition, …

　　From my point of view, the former is surely a wise choice. The reason is that…(或者用：As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that…) 專題二 │ 專題導讀 模板1.2：觀點對比

　　There is a widespread concern over the issue that…. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.

　　A majority of people think that

　　__觀點一__. In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place,

　　__原因一______. In the second place,

　　__原因二___. So it goes without saying that

　　__觀點一__． 專題二 │ 專題導讀

　　People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that

　　__觀點二__. In their point of view, on the one hand,

　　___原因一__. On the other hand,

　　__原因二__. Therefore, there is no doubt that

　　__觀點二__．

　　As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that

　　__觀點一或觀點二__．It is not only because________，

　　but also because ________.The

　　more________，

　　the more ________.

　　專題二 │ 專題導讀 模板2：好處與壞處的對比

　　In recent years, … has been popular. There are many advantages in… First, … Second, … Third, …

　　However, there're some disadvantages.…(之一)．Besides, …(之二). Also，…(之三)

　　In my opinion, it is true that advantages are more than disadvantages. I think… One big advantage of … is that…/ One obvious advantage of … is …/ Finally, …

　　While it is true that …has many advantages, it is also important to realize that…

　　專題二 │ 專題導讀 模板3: 問題與建議

　　提出問題：

　　In recent days, we have to face a problem that…

　　解決辦法：

　　With the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it. By doing …， we can… What's the most important is that…

　　結論：