高中英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法精講(Unit 12 Fact and fantasy)人教版
語(yǔ)法精講 前綴與后綴
在一個(gè)單詞前或后加上一個(gè)詞綴,變成一個(gè)新的詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫派生。詞綴有前綴和后綴兩種,加在單詞前的叫前綴,加在后面的叫后綴。
1.前綴
常見的前綴有:
Auto自己的,獨(dú)自的:automobile
Bi雙,兩個(gè):bicycle,bilingual(雙語(yǔ)的)
Dis(表否定)不,無(wú):dislike;disable
En,em-使成為:enable;encourage;embody
Ex前任的,以前的:exwife(前妻)expresident(前任總統(tǒng))
Extra額外的:extraordinary(非凡的)
extramarital(婚姻外的)
in-,il-,im,ir,不,非:incomplete;
illegal(非法的);immoral;irregular
inter間,相互:international;interaction;
mis誤:misunderstand;misbehave;misplace
over太多,太過(guò):overtime;overwork;overdo
re重新,再:repeat;rewrite;reuse
sub在……的下面,次于,低于:subway,
subsoil,subtitle, subnormal
tele遠(yuǎn)距離:telephone;television
under在……以下:underground
2.名詞后綴
-an/-ian 人:American,Italian, musician
tion/-sion動(dòng)作,狀態(tài):determination
ency/ence(抽象名詞):dependence;frequency
-ee動(dòng)作承受者或受影響者:employee(受雇者),refugee(難民)
-eer人:engineer,volunteer
er/-or(人或物):fighter,actor,cooker
ess 女性actress;waitress
-ism主義,……教:communism,socialism
ist 主義者,從事某專業(yè)的人:socialist,
typist, archaeologist
ment 表行為,結(jié)果,狀態(tài),物件,機(jī)構(gòu)等:argument,instrument
ship表狀態(tài),身份:friendship,leadership,
scholarship, relationship
ty 表狀態(tài),性質(zhì):plenty, difficulty, anxiety
ure 表結(jié)果,行為,狀態(tài)及實(shí)物:pressure,picture,pleasure
3.形容詞后綴
-able/-ible能夠:unforgetable,responsible,
edible,accessible
al……的:natural,cultural,national,professional
an/-ian人,地方的:Russian,American
en由……制成的:woolen,wooden
ern表方向:northern,southern
ful充滿……的,有……性質(zhì)的:careful,beautiful,useful
ic/-ical 關(guān)于……的,有……性質(zhì),屬于……的:economic,electrical,political
ish似……的,關(guān)于……國(guó)家(民族,語(yǔ)言):selfish,childish,British,foolish
ive有……性質(zhì)的,有……傾向的:
attractive,talkative,impressive
less 無(wú),不:careless,useless
ly像……的,有……性質(zhì)的:friendly,weekly,manly
ous充滿……的:hervous,dangerous,poisonous
-wards 問(wèn)……:downwards, backwards
y 充滿……的,有……性質(zhì)的:rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.
4.動(dòng)詞后綴
-en 使成為:fasten,sharpen,shorten
fy 使……化:satisfy,simplify
ie/-ise使……變成:modernize,realize;
industrialize
5.副詞后綴
-ly……地:carefully,quickly, highly
ward(s)向……地:forward, upwards,
downwards
【考例1】I ______the present he bought me.
A.dislike
B.unlike
C.inlike
D.mislike
解析:like的否定前綴是dis-。
答案:A
【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be
thinkers.
A.independent
B.undependent
C.dispendent
D.misdependent
解析:dependent 的否定前綴為in。
答案:A
【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my .
A.disappearance
B.unappearance
C.offappearance
D.ilappearance
解析:appearance 的否定前綴為dis。
答案:A
【考例4】He was a scientist of reputation.
A.internationed
B.nation
C.imnational
D.international
解析:reputation 為名詞,因此需要一形容詞作它的定語(yǔ)。nation的形容詞后綴為al;前綴inter表示互相之間。句意為“他是一個(gè)享有國(guó)際聲譽(yù)的科學(xué)家。”
答案:D
【考例5】The was fired by the boss for his being absence.
A.employ
B.employee
C.employer
D.employment
解析:employ v.雇傭;employee
n. 雇員;employer n. 雇主;employment n. 雇傭。句意為“因?yàn)闀绻ぃ俏还蛦T被老板解雇了”。
答案:B
【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.
A.free
B.freely
C.freedom
D.freeway
解析:形容詞性物主代詞的后面應(yīng)使用名詞。free的名詞形式為freedom。
答案:C
【考例7】 Think of your family’s when you drive.
A.safety
B.save
C.safe
D.safely
解析:safety
n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。
答案:A
【考例8】He went to bed and fell at once.
A.sleepy
B.sleeping
C.asleep
D.sleep
解析:固定表達(dá):fall asleep 入睡,睡著。
答案:C
【考例9】The spokesman never gave a answer to any question of the reporters.
A.direction
B.direct
C.director
D.directly
解析:direction
n.方向,指導(dǎo);direct adj. 直接的,v.導(dǎo)演,指導(dǎo);director n.導(dǎo)演;directly adv.直接地。名詞前應(yīng)使用形容詞。
答案:B
【考例10】 In Brazil, to play football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.
A.profession
B.professional
C.professionally
D.professor
解析:profession n.職業(yè);professional adj.專業(yè)的;professionally adv.專業(yè)地;professor n.教授。professional football 職業(yè)籃球。
答案:B
【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an
life according to rules laid down by the government.
A.to order
B.order
C.disorder
D.orderly
解析:由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)填形容詞。orderly 雖以ly結(jié)尾,但為形容詞。
答案:D
【考例12】I can’t tell one from the other because they are only different.
A.slight
B.slighter
C.slightly
D.slightest
解析:修飾形容詞應(yīng)使用副詞。
答案:C
語(yǔ)法精講 前綴與后綴
在一個(gè)單詞前或后加上一個(gè)詞綴,變成一個(gè)新的詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫派生。詞綴有前綴和后綴兩種,加在單詞前的叫前綴,加在后面的叫后綴。
1.前綴
常見的前綴有:
Auto自己的,獨(dú)自的:automobile
Bi雙,兩個(gè):bicycle,bilingual(雙語(yǔ)的)
Dis(表否定)不,無(wú):dislike;disable
En,em-使成為:enable;encourage;embody
Ex前任的,以前的:exwife(前妻)expresident(前任總統(tǒng))
Extra額外的:extraordinary(非凡的)
extramarital(婚姻外的)
in-,il-,im,ir,不,非:incomplete;
illegal(非法的);immoral;irregular
inter間,相互:international;interaction;
mis誤:misunderstand;misbehave;misplace
over太多,太過(guò):overtime;overwork;overdo
re重新,再:repeat;rewrite;reuse
sub在……的下面,次于,低于:subway,
subsoil,subtitle, subnormal
tele遠(yuǎn)距離:telephone;television
under在……以下:underground
2.名詞后綴
-an/-ian 人:American,Italian, musician
tion/-sion動(dòng)作,狀態(tài):determination
ency/ence(抽象名詞):dependence;frequency
-ee動(dòng)作承受者或受影響者:employee(受雇者),refugee(難民)
-eer人:engineer,volunteer
er/-or(人或物):fighter,actor,cooker
ess 女性actress;waitress
-ism主義,……教:communism,socialism
ist 主義者,從事某專業(yè)的人:socialist,
typist, archaeologist
ment 表行為,結(jié)果,狀態(tài),物件,機(jī)構(gòu)等:argument,instrument
ship表狀態(tài),身份:friendship,leadership,
scholarship, relationship
ty 表狀態(tài),性質(zhì):plenty, difficulty, anxiety
ure 表結(jié)果,行為,狀態(tài)及實(shí)物:pressure,picture,pleasure
3.形容詞后綴
-able/-ible能夠:unforgetable,responsible,
edible,accessible
al……的:natural,cultural,national,professional
an/-ian人,地方的:Russian,American
en由……制成的:woolen,wooden
ern表方向:northern,southern
ful充滿……的,有……性質(zhì)的:careful,beautiful,useful
ic/-ical 關(guān)于……的,有……性質(zhì),屬于……的:economic,electrical,political
ish似……的,關(guān)于……國(guó)家(民族,語(yǔ)言):selfish,childish,British,foolish
ive有……性質(zhì)的,有……傾向的:
attractive,talkative,impressive
less 無(wú),不:careless,useless
ly像……的,有……性質(zhì)的:friendly,weekly,manly
ous充滿……的:hervous,dangerous,poisonous
-wards 問(wèn)……:downwards, backwards
y 充滿……的,有……性質(zhì)的:rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.
4.動(dòng)詞后綴
-en 使成為:fasten,sharpen,shorten
fy 使……化:satisfy,simplify
ie/-ise使……變成:modernize,realize;
industrialize
5.副詞后綴
-ly……地:carefully,quickly, highly
ward(s)向……地:forward, upwards,
downwards
【考例1】I ______the present he bought me.
A.dislike
B.unlike
C.inlike
D.mislike
解析:like的否定前綴是dis-。
答案:A
【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be
thinkers.
A.independent
B.undependent
C.dispendent
D.misdependent
解析:dependent 的否定前綴為in。
答案:A
【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my .
A.disappearance
B.unappearance
C.offappearance
D.ilappearance
解析:appearance 的否定前綴為dis。
答案:A
【考例4】He was a scientist of reputation.
A.internationed
B.nation
C.imnational
D.international
解析:reputation 為名詞,因此需要一形容詞作它的定語(yǔ)。nation的形容詞后綴為al;前綴inter表示互相之間。句意為“他是一個(gè)享有國(guó)際聲譽(yù)的科學(xué)家。”
答案:D
【考例5】The was fired by the boss for his being absence.
A.employ
B.employee
C.employer
D.employment
解析:employ v.雇傭;employee
n. 雇員;employer n. 雇主;employment n. 雇傭。句意為“因?yàn)闀绻ぃ俏还蛦T被老板解雇了”。
答案:B
【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.
A.free
B.freely
C.freedom
D.freeway
解析:形容詞性物主代詞的后面應(yīng)使用名詞。free的名詞形式為freedom。
答案:C
【考例7】 Think of your family’s when you drive.
A.safety
B.save
C.safe
D.safely
解析:safety
n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。
答案:A
【考例8】He went to bed and fell at once.
A.sleepy
B.sleeping
C.asleep
D.sleep
解析:固定表達(dá):fall asleep 入睡,睡著。
答案:C
【考例9】The spokesman never gave a answer to any question of the reporters.
A.direction
B.direct
C.director
D.directly
解析:direction
n.方向,指導(dǎo);direct adj. 直接的,v.導(dǎo)演,指導(dǎo);director n.導(dǎo)演;directly adv.直接地。名詞前應(yīng)使用形容詞。
答案:B
【考例10】 In Brazil, to play football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.
A.profession
B.professional
C.professionally
D.professor
解析:profession n.職業(yè);professional adj.專業(yè)的;professionally adv.專業(yè)地;professor n.教授。professional football 職業(yè)籃球。
答案:B
【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an
life according to rules laid down by the government.
A.to order
B.order
C.disorder
D.orderly
解析:由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)填形容詞。orderly 雖以ly結(jié)尾,但為形容詞。
答案:D
【考例12】I can’t tell one from the other because they are only different.
A.slight
B.slighter
C.slightly
D.slightest
解析:修飾形容詞應(yīng)使用副詞。
答案:C