(2011·安徽)

　　George Prochnik would like the world to_put_a_sock_in_it. He makes his case in a new book, Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice)：

　　“We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”

　　“We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art—the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono(和服)brushing against the floor.”

　　“Deaf people are very attentive(專(zhuān)注的)in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts(一陣陣)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us—of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(開(kāi)裂聲). It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ”

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　文章介紹了George Prochnik的新著Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise和他的觀點(diǎn)：在喧囂的世界中創(chuàng)造一方不太紛擾的環(huán)境，這個(gè)世界會(huì)更美好。

　　1. What does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

　　A. to be quiet

　　B. to be colorful

　　C. to be full of love

　　D. to be attentive to someone

　　解析　 詞義理解題。根據(jù)第二段作者的觀點(diǎn)Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.可知，作者是推崇silence的， 故選A項(xiàng)。

　　答案　A

　　2. What does Prochnik say about us?

　　A. We are used to quietness

　　B. We have to put up with noise

　　C. We do not think silence to be beneficial

　　D. We do not believe lasting peace to be available

　　解析　 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial和it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet及第三段During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art等句可以判斷得出，我們生活在一個(gè)喧鬧的世界，寂靜才是我們的追求，故選擇C項(xiàng)。

　　答案　C

　　3. Which of the following is true according to Prochnik?

　　A. We need more sounds in our lives.

　　B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf.

　　C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is.

　　D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony.

　　解析　 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末段If we remove the powerful blasts(一陣陣)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us.... It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.可知C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)和作者的觀點(diǎn)相反；根據(jù)We in the hearing world can learn from them (deaf people)可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art可知作者贊賞the smallest sounds，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

　　答案　C

　　4. It can be inferred from the text that________.

　　A. we can benefit a lot from old people

　　B. it is a good idea to use sign language

　　C. there is no escape from the world of sound

　　D. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound

　　解析　 推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，盡管我們生活在一個(gè)喧鬧的世界，作者提倡我們創(chuàng)造一個(gè)不太紛擾的環(huán)境，果真如此，這個(gè)世界是很美好的，據(jù)此D項(xiàng)正確。

　　答案　D

　　Passage 1

　　So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”．

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity. It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public_scrutiny.

　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ，what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(探索)for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”

　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文，在對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的閱讀教學(xué)方式進(jìn)行批判的同時(shí)，論述了作者自己閱讀的教學(xué)觀：閱讀的教與學(xué)是兩個(gè)完全不同的過(guò)程。教學(xué)的任務(wù)是為學(xué)生能夠找出自己最有效的自學(xué)閱讀的方法創(chuàng)造條件和氛圍。學(xué)生的閱讀能力并不是通過(guò)教師教就能掌握的；教師應(yīng)做的是給學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一個(gè)好的環(huán)境和條件，激發(fā)學(xué)生閱讀的渴望，培養(yǎng)出良好的閱讀習(xí)慣、方法。只有這樣，學(xué)生才能掌握閱讀技能，提高閱讀水平。

　　1．The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that________.

　　A. it is one of the most difficult school courses

　　B. students spend endless hours in reading

　　C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

　　D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading

　　解析　推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第一自然段第3行“It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading..”(教學(xué)生如何閱讀當(dāng)然不是帶著學(xué)生花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間去一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地讀)。可以看出，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在教閱讀的時(shí)間太多了，這當(dāng)然是因?yàn)榻潭唤谭āＫ赃x項(xiàng)D正確。

　　答案　D

　　2．The teaching of reading will be successful if________.

　　A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

　　B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

　　C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

　　D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable

　　解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第二自然段第2行開(kāi)始的句子：“The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselvesto read”(教學(xué)的任務(wù)是為學(xué)生能夠找出自己最有效的自學(xué)閱讀的方法創(chuàng)造條件和氛圍)，B項(xiàng)符合上述意思，為正確答案。

　　答案　B

　　3．The underlined word“scrutiny” most probably means“________”．

　　A. inquiry

　　B. observation

　　C. control

　　D. suspicion

　　解析　意義猜測(cè)題。該題為猜測(cè)詞義。inquiry“詢問(wèn)”。observation“觀察”。control“控制”。suspicion“懷疑”。該詞出現(xiàn)在第三自然段最后一句“process is not open to public scrutiny”，考生可從該句的上文作出推測(cè)。最明顯的提示出現(xiàn)在第二自然段最后一句“Teaching is also a public activity；it can be seen and observed”所以，scrutiny最可能的詞義應(yīng)該是observation，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　答案　B

　　4．According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when________.

　　A. children become highly motivated

　　B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

　　C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

　　D. reading enriches children’s experience

　　解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四自然段、第五自然段所提供的信息，特別是第5段第3行“Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading”(當(dāng)教師們創(chuàng)造了一種環(huán)境，使孩子們有機(jī)會(huì)自己通過(guò)閱讀解決所遇到的問(wèn)題時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)閱讀就變得容易多了)，可以看出A項(xiàng)與之最為相近。

　　答案　A

　　5．The main idea of the passage is that ________.

　　A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

　　B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

　　C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

　　D. reading is more complicated that generally believed

　　解析　主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一自然段第4行“reading cannot be taught directly and...”說(shuō)明學(xué)生的閱讀能力并不是通過(guò)教師教就能掌握的。教師應(yīng)做的是給學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一個(gè)好的環(huán)境和條件，激發(fā)學(xué)生閱讀的渴望，培養(yǎng)出良好的閱讀習(xí)慣、方法。只有這樣，學(xué)生才能掌握閱讀技能，提高閱讀水平。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。其他選項(xiàng)與文章討論的范圍不符。

　　答案　C

　　Passage 2

　　(2011·深圳第一次月考)Kids will often ignore your requests for them to shut off the TV，start their chores(雜事)，or do their homework as a way to avoid following your directions.Before you know it，you’ve started to sound like a broken record as you repeatedly ask them to do their assignments，clean their room，or take out the trash.Rather than saying “Do your chores now.” you’ll be more effective if you set a target time for when the chores have to be completed.So instead of arguing about starting chores，just say，“If chores aren’t done by 4 pm，here are the consequences.”Then it’s up to your child to complete the chores.Put the ball back in their court.Don’t argue or fight with them，just say，“That’s the way it’s going to be.”It shouldn’t be punitive(懲罰性的)as much as it should be persuasive.“If your chores aren’t done by 4 pm，then no video game time until chores are done.And if finishing those chores runs into homework time，that’s going to be your loss.”O(jiān)n the other hand，when dealing with homework，keep it very simple.Have a time when homework starts，and at that time，all electronics go off and do not go back on until you see that their homework is done.If your kids say they have no homework，then they should use that time to study or read.Either way，there should be a time set aside when the electronics are off.

　　When a kid wears his iPod or headphones when you’re trying to talk to him，make no bones about it；he is not ignoring you，he is disrespecting you.At that point，everything else should stop until he takes the earplugs out of his ears.Don’t try to communicate with him when he’s wearing headphones—even if he tells you he can hear you.Wearing them while you’re talking to him is a sign of disrespect.Parents should be very tough about this kind of thing.Remember，mutual respect becomes more important as children mature.

　　1．According to the passage，it seldom happens that________.

　　A．kids turn a deaf ear to their parents’ requests

　　B．parents’ directions sound like a broken record

　　C．children are ready to follow their parents’ directions

　　D．parents are unaware of what they are repeating to their kids

　　解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句話可知答案為D。

　　答案　D

　　2．Parents will be able to deal with their children more effectively if they________.

　　A．a(chǎn)void direct ways of punishment

　　B．make them do things at their request

　　C．a(chǎn)rgue and fight with their children

　　D．a(chǎn)llow their children to behave in their own way

　　解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中間部分“Don’t argue or fight with them，just say，...”可知答案為A。

　　答案　A

　　3．When the kid is doing his homework，parents________.

　　A．should provide him with a good learning environment

　　B．can do whatever they like

　　C．can stay aside watching TV

　　D．must switch off the power

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段后半部分“Have a time when homework starts，and at that time，all electronics go off and do not go back on until you see that their homework is done.”可知“Parents should provide him with a good learning environment.”

　　答案　A

　　4．It can be inferred from the passage that________.

　　A．parents should take off his headphones when trying to have a talk with their child

　　B．it will make no difference that a kid is wearing his earplugs while talking to his parents

　　C．parents shouldn’t give in to their kid when he shows no sign of respect

　　D．kids’ purposely talking to their parents with iPod gives them a sense of power and control

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段前半部分分析可知答案為C。

　　答案　C

　　5．The main idea of the passage is________.

　　A．that respecting each other is more important than anything else

　　B．how kids behave to ignore and disrespect their parents

　　C．that children should make choices and decisions on their own

　　D．how parents can deal with their kids’ behavior effectively

　　解析　主旨大意題。綜合全文分析，文章主要講述了父母如何有效的去處理孩子們的行為問(wèn)題。

　　答案　D

　　Passage 3

　　In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (學(xué)會(huì)) of each new skill in the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

　　Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe (嚴(yán)格的) over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.

　　As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (說(shuō)教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

　　A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　在孩子成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中，父母不能拔苗助長(zhǎng)。父母對(duì)孩子的“嚴(yán)”與“松”之間應(yīng)有一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)亩取ｊP(guān)于道德教育問(wèn)題，父母應(yīng)該以身作則，帶頭遵循，“榜樣比說(shuō)教更有力”。

　　1. Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills，________.

　　A. should be avoided

　　B. is universal among parents

　　C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

　　D. will make the child lose interest in learning new things

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一自然段開(kāi)頭In bringing up children，every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill，既然是每位父母都會(huì)這樣做，那么這種做法在父母中就是普遍的，故選B。根據(jù)文章第一自然段第二句，選項(xiàng)C。sets up dangerous states of worry in the child是由hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate引起的，“迫不及待地要求孩子做超出其自然成長(zhǎng)速度的事情”和“熱切地觀察孩子學(xué)會(huì)每一項(xiàng)新技能”顯然不是一回事，作者對(duì)后者沒(méi)有否定之意，所以A不對(duì)。根據(jù)文章第一自然段末句，選項(xiàng)取D。will make him lose interest in learning new things是由a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities引起的。故D也不合文意。