2024屆廣東省廣州市天河中學高考英語語法一輪復習基礎知識點精講:動詞的-ed形式01(含答案)
動詞的-ed形式
動詞的-ed形式也是非謂語動詞的一種,它具有動詞的一些特點,同時也具有形容詞、副詞的句法功能,在句中可用作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語等。
一、?動詞的-ed形式的特征
A.動詞的-ed形式是由動詞的過去分詞構成 ? 動詞的-ed形式只有一種形式,即傳統語法中的過去分詞。絕大部分的動詞的-ed形式由動詞原形加-ed構成,也有一些動詞的-ed形式是不規則的。 ? 1. 規則動詞的-ed形式 ? limit→limited(限制) ? pretend→pretended(假裝) ? escape→escaped(逃脫) ? provide→provided(提供) ? refer→referred(提交) ? drag→dragged(拖) ? pray→prayed(祈禱) ? supply→supplied(供應) ? 2.不規則動詞的-ed形式? ? cast→cast(投擲) ? spread→spread(傳播) ? bite→bitten(咬) ? forgive→forgiven(原諒) ? spit→spat( 吐) ? wear→worn(穿) ? fight→fought(搏斗) ? lose→lost(丟失) ? 3.少數動詞的-ed形式作定語時,讀音與一般過去分詞不同 ? learned?a learned professor 一位知識淵博的教授 ? aged?? an aged man? 老人 ? beloved?his beloved computer 他心愛的計算機
B.動詞的-ed形式的否定形式 ? 動詞的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加動詞的-ed形式構成。 ? Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允許他進去,他只好在外面等著。 ? Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 從未被邀請過去他的聚會,她很生氣。 ? C.動詞的-ed形式的特征 ? 動詞的-ed形式有被動的意思,有時也可表示完成的動作。 ? 1.動詞的-ed形式表示已完成的動作。 ? 除了作形容詞用的-ed形式外,動詞的-ed形式可帶有完成的意義,有的同時也帶有被動的意義。 ? Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在農村出生并長大,他對生物很感興趣。 ? One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發現其中一個杯子破了。 ? The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 魯迅寫的這些書,受到了許多中國人的喜愛。 ? 2.及物動詞的-ed形式一般表示被動的意思。 ? Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的時間,我就能猜出那個謎語。(句子的主語I 和動詞give之間是被動關系。) ? When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你說英語的時候,一定要讓人懂得你的意思。(動詞make的賓語yourself和賓語補足語understand之間是被動關系。) ? The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在軍隊獲得的經驗對我們的學習很有幫助。 ? 3.不及物動詞的-ed形式只表示完成的意思,并不帶有被動的含義。 ? an escaped prisoner 逃犯 (= a prisoner who has escaped) ? a retired worker 退休工人 (= a worker who has retired) ? a newly arrived guest 新來的客人 (= a guest who has just arrived) ? We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我們應該不時地從發達國家引進先進技術。 ? People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人們應該注意到變化了的形勢。二、動詞的-ed形式的用法
動詞的-ed形式在句中主要起形容詞和副詞的作用,可以作定語、表語、狀語和補語。
A.動詞的-ed形式作表語 ? 1.-ed形式在連系動詞后作表語,說明主語的狀態。 ? The students are fully prepared. 學生們已做好了充分的準備。 ? When we got there, the shop was closed. 我們到那兒時,商店已經關門了。 ? She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她對自己在高低杠上的表現感到很滿意。 ? The land remained unexploited. 這片土地尚未開發。 ? Hearing the news, he looked disappointed.? 聽到這個消息,他看起來非常失望。 ? The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山頂上終年積雪覆蓋。 ? 比較: ? 要把-ed形式作表語和被動語態區別開來。作表語的-ed形式表示狀態,被動語態中的-ed形式表示被動動作。 ? All the doors are locked. 所有的門都是鎖著的。(-ed形式作表語,表示狀態) ? All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的門都被衛兵鎖上了。(被動語態,表示動作) ? Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在這里。(-ed形式作表語,表示狀態 ? Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在這里。(被動語態,表示動作) ? 2.同一動詞的-ed形式與-ing形式作表語時的區別。 ? 動詞的-ed形式作表語,主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態,含有被動的意思,而-ing形式作?表語多表示主語具有的特征,含有主動的意思。 ? They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。 ? At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到這么動人的情景,所有在場的人都感動了。 ? 提示: ? 上述動詞的-ed形式,有的(如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等)已經變成形容詞,可以被very, too等副詞修飾。有的(如amused, puzzled, relaxed等)還不能被very, too修飾,只能被much修飾。 ? These problems are very puzzling.? 這些問題很令人迷惑。 ? We are much puzzled by his failure to reply.? 他不給我們回信使我們百思不得其解。 ? His speech was very moving.? 他的演講非常感人。 ? All the people present were moved to tears.? 在場的所有人都被感動得流淚了。
B.動詞的-ed形式作賓語補足語 ? 當作賓語補足語的動詞和前面的賓語之間是被動關系時,一般應用動詞的-ed形式作賓語的補足語。 ? 1.在感覺動詞see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作賓語補足語。 ? I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. ?昨晚我聽了第九交響樂的演奏。 ? We found all the rivers seriously polluted. ?我們發現所有的河流都被嚴重污染了。 ? Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一個小女孩偷東西被抓住了。 ? He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感覺到衣領被人從后面拉了一下。 ? 2.在使役動詞get, have, make, leave, keep等后作賓語補足語。 ? ①動詞的-ed形式作get的賓語補足語。 ? Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多麗絲在醫院把壞牙拔了。 ? I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得先把盤子洗了,然后就來。 ? 比較: ? 動詞get后也可接動詞不定式或動詞的-ing形式作賓語補足語,和賓語是主動關系。 ? I couldn誸 get the car to start this morning. 今早我無法把汽車發動起來。 ? He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他讓姐姐幫他洗衣服。 ? It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 讓他說話不難,難的是說開了止不住他。 ? Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能讓那輛舊鐘再走起來嗎? ? ②動詞的-ed形式作make的賓語補足語。 ? He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓門為了使別人聽清他的講話。 ? You should make your views known to the public. 你應該讓公眾知道你的觀點。 ? 注意: ? 動詞make后的賓語補足語可用不帶to的動詞不定式或動詞的-ed形式,但不可用動詞的-ing形式。 ? 【誤】Can you make the students understanding the text ? 【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能讓學生理解這篇課文嗎? ? 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students 你能讓學生理解這篇課文嗎? ? ③動詞的-ed形式作keep或leave的賓語補足語。 ? They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都沒完成,他們就回家了。 ? The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 偵探和他的助手把自己整夜反鎖在房間里。 ?? 3.動詞的-ed形式也可用在with(without)結構中,作介詞的賓語補足語。 ? With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后,他離開了辦公室。 ? She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已經回來了,背包里塞滿了有趣的圖書。 ? Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里沒有糧食,小女孩只好出去討飯。 ? Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再給我們任何時間的話,我們三星期之內完成不了任務。 ? 4.某些動詞后(如want, need, prefer, would like等),作賓語補足語的不定式被動形式省略“to be”,就成了-ed形式作賓語補足語。 ? I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望這事立即得到解決。 ? I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿讓我妹妹來翻譯這本書。 ? We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我們需要這項工作周六之前完成。 ? The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 農民們不想讓好好的農田被用來建造房子。
C.動詞的-ed形式作定語
動詞的-ed形式作定語修飾名詞分為前置和后置兩類。 ? 1.前置定語 ? 單個的動詞的-ed形式作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前,作前置定語。 ? A watched pot never boils. 心急鍋不開。 ? All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的壞門窗都修好了。 ? When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我們到達的時候,每人被發給了一份印制好的試卷。 ? 提示: ? 如要表示強調,單個動詞-ed形式也可作后置定語。 ? Money spent is more than money earned.? 入不敷出。 ? 2.后置定語 ? 作后置定語的-ed形式一般都帶有修飾語或其他成分,在語法上相當于一個定語從句。 ? We have read many novels written by this author. 我們讀過這個作家寫的許多小說。(= that are written by this author) ? Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀請到招待會上的貴賓有一半都是外國大使。(= who had been invited to the reception) ? The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 這次會議獲得很大的成功,共有一千名學生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students) ? A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一個律師裝扮的女人走了進來,并作為法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)
動詞的-ed形式
動詞的-ed形式也是非謂語動詞的一種,它具有動詞的一些特點,同時也具有形容詞、副詞的句法功能,在句中可用作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語等。
一、?動詞的-ed形式的特征
A.動詞的-ed形式是由動詞的過去分詞構成 ? 動詞的-ed形式只有一種形式,即傳統語法中的過去分詞。絕大部分的動詞的-ed形式由動詞原形加-ed構成,也有一些動詞的-ed形式是不規則的。 ? 1. 規則動詞的-ed形式 ? limit→limited(限制) ? pretend→pretended(假裝) ? escape→escaped(逃脫) ? provide→provided(提供) ? refer→referred(提交) ? drag→dragged(拖) ? pray→prayed(祈禱) ? supply→supplied(供應) ? 2.不規則動詞的-ed形式? ? cast→cast(投擲) ? spread→spread(傳播) ? bite→bitten(咬) ? forgive→forgiven(原諒) ? spit→spat( 吐) ? wear→worn(穿) ? fight→fought(搏斗) ? lose→lost(丟失) ? 3.少數動詞的-ed形式作定語時,讀音與一般過去分詞不同 ? learned?a learned professor 一位知識淵博的教授 ? aged?? an aged man? 老人 ? beloved?his beloved computer 他心愛的計算機
B.動詞的-ed形式的否定形式 ? 動詞的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加動詞的-ed形式構成。 ? Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允許他進去,他只好在外面等著。 ? Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 從未被邀請過去他的聚會,她很生氣。 ? C.動詞的-ed形式的特征 ? 動詞的-ed形式有被動的意思,有時也可表示完成的動作。 ? 1.動詞的-ed形式表示已完成的動作。 ? 除了作形容詞用的-ed形式外,動詞的-ed形式可帶有完成的意義,有的同時也帶有被動的意義。 ? Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在農村出生并長大,他對生物很感興趣。 ? One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發現其中一個杯子破了。 ? The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 魯迅寫的這些書,受到了許多中國人的喜愛。 ? 2.及物動詞的-ed形式一般表示被動的意思。 ? Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的時間,我就能猜出那個謎語。(句子的主語I 和動詞give之間是被動關系。) ? When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你說英語的時候,一定要讓人懂得你的意思。(動詞make的賓語yourself和賓語補足語understand之間是被動關系。) ? The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在軍隊獲得的經驗對我們的學習很有幫助。 ? 3.不及物動詞的-ed形式只表示完成的意思,并不帶有被動的含義。 ? an escaped prisoner 逃犯 (= a prisoner who has escaped) ? a retired worker 退休工人 (= a worker who has retired) ? a newly arrived guest 新來的客人 (= a guest who has just arrived) ? We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我們應該不時地從發達國家引進先進技術。 ? People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人們應該注意到變化了的形勢。二、動詞的-ed形式的用法
動詞的-ed形式在句中主要起形容詞和副詞的作用,可以作定語、表語、狀語和補語。
A.動詞的-ed形式作表語 ? 1.-ed形式在連系動詞后作表語,說明主語的狀態。 ? The students are fully prepared. 學生們已做好了充分的準備。 ? When we got there, the shop was closed. 我們到那兒時,商店已經關門了。 ? She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她對自己在高低杠上的表現感到很滿意。 ? The land remained unexploited. 這片土地尚未開發。 ? Hearing the news, he looked disappointed.? 聽到這個消息,他看起來非常失望。 ? The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山頂上終年積雪覆蓋。 ? 比較: ? 要把-ed形式作表語和被動語態區別開來。作表語的-ed形式表示狀態,被動語態中的-ed形式表示被動動作。 ? All the doors are locked. 所有的門都是鎖著的。(-ed形式作表語,表示狀態) ? All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的門都被衛兵鎖上了。(被動語態,表示動作) ? Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在這里。(-ed形式作表語,表示狀態 ? Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在這里。(被動語態,表示動作) ? 2.同一動詞的-ed形式與-ing形式作表語時的區別。 ? 動詞的-ed形式作表語,主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態,含有被動的意思,而-ing形式作?表語多表示主語具有的特征,含有主動的意思。 ? They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。 ? At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到這么動人的情景,所有在場的人都感動了。 ? 提示: ? 上述動詞的-ed形式,有的(如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等)已經變成形容詞,可以被very, too等副詞修飾。有的(如amused, puzzled, relaxed等)還不能被very, too修飾,只能被much修飾。 ? These problems are very puzzling.? 這些問題很令人迷惑。 ? We are much puzzled by his failure to reply.? 他不給我們回信使我們百思不得其解。 ? His speech was very moving.? 他的演講非常感人。 ? All the people present were moved to tears.? 在場的所有人都被感動得流淚了。
B.動詞的-ed形式作賓語補足語 ? 當作賓語補足語的動詞和前面的賓語之間是被動關系時,一般應用動詞的-ed形式作賓語的補足語。 ? 1.在感覺動詞see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作賓語補足語。 ? I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. ?昨晚我聽了第九交響樂的演奏。 ? We found all the rivers seriously polluted. ?我們發現所有的河流都被嚴重污染了。 ? Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一個小女孩偷東西被抓住了。 ? He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感覺到衣領被人從后面拉了一下。 ? 2.在使役動詞get, have, make, leave, keep等后作賓語補足語。 ? ①動詞的-ed形式作get的賓語補足語。 ? Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多麗絲在醫院把壞牙拔了。 ? I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得先把盤子洗了,然后就來。 ? 比較: ? 動詞get后也可接動詞不定式或動詞的-ing形式作賓語補足語,和賓語是主動關系。 ? I couldn誸 get the car to start this morning. 今早我無法把汽車發動起來。 ? He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他讓姐姐幫他洗衣服。 ? It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 讓他說話不難,難的是說開了止不住他。 ? Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能讓那輛舊鐘再走起來嗎? ? ②動詞的-ed形式作make的賓語補足語。 ? He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓門為了使別人聽清他的講話。 ? You should make your views known to the public. 你應該讓公眾知道你的觀點。 ? 注意: ? 動詞make后的賓語補足語可用不帶to的動詞不定式或動詞的-ed形式,但不可用動詞的-ing形式。 ? 【誤】Can you make the students understanding the text ? 【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能讓學生理解這篇課文嗎? ? 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students 你能讓學生理解這篇課文嗎? ? ③動詞的-ed形式作keep或leave的賓語補足語。 ? They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都沒完成,他們就回家了。 ? The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 偵探和他的助手把自己整夜反鎖在房間里。 ?? 3.動詞的-ed形式也可用在with(without)結構中,作介詞的賓語補足語。 ? With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后,他離開了辦公室。 ? She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已經回來了,背包里塞滿了有趣的圖書。 ? Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里沒有糧食,小女孩只好出去討飯。 ? Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再給我們任何時間的話,我們三星期之內完成不了任務。 ? 4.某些動詞后(如want, need, prefer, would like等),作賓語補足語的不定式被動形式省略“to be”,就成了-ed形式作賓語補足語。 ? I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望這事立即得到解決。 ? I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿讓我妹妹來翻譯這本書。 ? We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我們需要這項工作周六之前完成。 ? The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 農民們不想讓好好的農田被用來建造房子。
C.動詞的-ed形式作定語
動詞的-ed形式作定語修飾名詞分為前置和后置兩類。 ? 1.前置定語 ? 單個的動詞的-ed形式作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前,作前置定語。 ? A watched pot never boils. 心急鍋不開。 ? All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的壞門窗都修好了。 ? When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我們到達的時候,每人被發給了一份印制好的試卷。 ? 提示: ? 如要表示強調,單個動詞-ed形式也可作后置定語。 ? Money spent is more than money earned.? 入不敷出。 ? 2.后置定語 ? 作后置定語的-ed形式一般都帶有修飾語或其他成分,在語法上相當于一個定語從句。 ? We have read many novels written by this author. 我們讀過這個作家寫的許多小說。(= that are written by this author) ? Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀請到招待會上的貴賓有一半都是外國大使。(= who had been invited to the reception) ? The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 這次會議獲得很大的成功,共有一千名學生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students) ? A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一個律師裝扮的女人走了進來,并作為法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)