第一部分　必修二　Module 4

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism (相對主義)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.

　　History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.

　　In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because “the general principles of taste are uniform (不變的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.

　　Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

　　語篇解讀：本文是說明文，主要介紹了根據文化相對主義，藝術作品永恒受歡迎的原因是人類的審美具有共同性，并且就此展開說明。

　　1．According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?

　　A．It introduces different cultural values.

　　B．It explains the history of artistic works.

　　C．It relates artistic values to local conditions.

　　D．It excites the human mind throughout the world.

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。根據第一段第一句話，可知根據相對主義，藝術作品就是把藝術的價值與當地的社會經濟條件結合在一塊，故選C項。

　　2．In paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that ______.

　　A．great works of art can go beyond national boundaries

　　B．history gives art works special appeal to set them apart

　　C．popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts

　　D．great artists are skilled at combining various cultures

　　答案：A　推理判斷題。第二段提及的藝術家的作品在歷史長河中跨越了國界，因此可知藝術作品是沒有國界的，故選A項。

　　3．According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because ______.

　　A．they are results of scientific study

　　B．they establish some general principles of art

　　C．they are created by the world's greatest artists

　　D．they appeal to unchanging features of human nature

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句話可知，David曾辯論到人性對于藝術鑒賞的總原則是不變的，所以一些藝術是可能永生的，故選D項。

　　4．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

　　A．Are Artistic Values Universal?

　　B．Are Popular Arts Permanent?

　　C．Is Human Nature Uniform?

　　D．Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?

　　答案：A　標題歸納題。本文主要從相對論的角度來說，藝術的價值只能反應當時的社會經濟，但作者提出了不同的觀點，故選A項。

　　Ⅱ.七選五

　　根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

　　How do you stay true to yourself when you're surrounded by friends and/or family that have an opinion on everything you do? It's not easy! __1__ Here are four tips which can help you live a dynamic life.

　　__2__

　　Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter—your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you. Deep down you know yourself better than anybody else.

　　Don't fear people

　　__3__ The reason most people don't take risks, or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.

　　Value yourself and your choices

　　When you do, others will too. Own the choices you make in your life.__4__ When you believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too. Show confidence in your choices, and what you stand for whether others agree or not.

　　Focus on appreciation

　　No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for. All successful people ask，“What am I grateful for? How can I improve my situation and use these tough times to inspire others？” __5__

　　These steps, if applied, will help you transform your peace of mind, lifestyle, and productivity.

　　A．Focus on your own talents and strengths

　　B．Never let others' opinions guide your choices

　　C．Treat every person as they are important.

　　D．When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you.

　　E．Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.

　　F．Be thankful to life and be helpful to others, and you'll lead a successful life.

　　G．However，there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want.

　　語篇解讀：本文為說明文。作者給出了幾個如何使你忠于你自己(stay true to yourself)的建議。

　　1．G　本段的功能是提出主題。只有告訴讀者忠于自己是可能的，才能接下面的句子。由此可見答案為G項。

　　2．B　根據本空下面的內容可知本段的主題是：永遠不要讓別人的觀點影響你的選擇。故答案為B項。

　　3．E　根據主題“Don't fear people”中的fear及E項中的fearless可推知E項為答案。

　　4．D　D項(When you doubt yourself，others will doubt you.)與下面的“When you believe in yourself，in time，others will believe in you too.”構成對比。

　　5．F　根據本部分中的appreciation，grateful和F項中的thankful可判斷F項為本題答案。

　　Ⅲ.完形填空

　　(2024·天津十二區縣重點學校聯考)

　　Born in 1963 in Sierra Visa, Arizona, USA, Jessica learned to live her life with her feet. Born without arms, she faced many __1__.

　　There were many questions at the time about whether Jessica would be able to live a “__2__”life. However, Jessica's father said he __3__ had a tear about her birth condition. He had full confidence in her potential.

　　With the __4__ of her parents and family, Jessica became confident in herself as an adult and continued to __5__ the world with her feet.

　　As a child, Jessica studied dance in her hometown. When her first __6__ arrived, she asked to be put in the back row. Her dance teacher told her there was no __7__row.

　　Tentatively she took the stage with the other students and performed her __8__. When she finished, the applause from the audience gave her encouragement and__9__ to continue dancing for 14 years. __10__， Jessica earned her first Black Belt in the International Taekwondo Federation at the age of 14.

　　After __11__ from high school, Jessiea attended the University of Arizona __12__ she earned a bachelor's degree in psychology. When talking about her degree, she frequently __13__ that psychology trusts the way people think has a greater __14__ on their lives than a physical limitation.

　　Jessica's most famous accomplishment was learning how to __15__. It took three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to __16__ the right aircraft: a 1946 415C Ercoupe Airplane. She __17__the Guinness World Record __18__ being the first person certified to fly an airplane with only her feet.

　　Jessica now __19__ a motivational speaker. She travels the world sharing her story and __20__ people to be creative and innovative.

　　語篇解讀：本文講述了天生沒有手臂的杰西卡在家人的鼓勵下，努力用雙腳探索世界，學會舞蹈，甚至學會開飛機并獲得吉尼斯世界紀錄的故事。她還周游世界分享她的故事，鼓勵人們要努力開創未來。

　　1.A．challenges B．trouble

　　C．advantages

　　D．influences

　　答案：A　challenges意為“挑戰”；trouble意為“麻煩”；advantages意為“優勢”；influences意為“影響”。根據此空前的Born without arms可知杰西卡天生沒有手臂，所以她要面對很多挑戰，故A項正確。

　　2.A．unique

　　B．special

　　C．normal

　　D．unusual

　　答案：C　unique意為“獨特的”；special意為“特別的”；normal意為“正常的”；unusual意為“不同尋常的”。根據第一段可知杰西卡天生沒有手臂，需要學會依靠腳來生活，所以此處表示對于她是否能過上正常的生活存在很多疑問，故C項正確。

　　3.A．frequently

　　B．never

　　C．ever

　　D．certainly

　　答案：B　frequently意為“頻繁地”；never意為“從未，決不”；ever意為“永遠，曾經”；certainly意為“當然”。 根據此空前的轉折副詞however和下一句“He had full confidence in her potential”可推斷此處表示杰西卡的父親說他對女兒的出生狀況從未流過一滴眼淚，他相信她的潛力，故B項正確。

　　4.A．argument

　　B．understanding

　　C．opposition

　　D．support

　　答案：D　argument意為“爭論”；understanding意為“理解”；opposition意為“反對，敵對”；support意為“支持”。根據語境可知此處表示在父母和家庭的支持下，杰西卡變得對自己充滿自信，故D項正確。

　　5.A．decorate

　　B．explore

　　C．explode

　　D．establish

　　答案：B　decorate意為“裝飾”；explore意為“探索，探測”；explode意為“爆炸”；establish意為“建立”。根據第一段中“...Jessica learned to live her life with her feet”可知此處表示杰西卡繼續用雙腳探索世界，故B項正確。

　　6.A．performance

　　B．image

　　C．exhibition

　　D．appearance

　　答案：A　performance意為“表演”；image意為“圖像，形象”；exhibition意為“展覽，顯示”；appearance意為“外貌”。根據此空后的“she asked to be put in the back row.”可推斷此處表示在她第一次表演舞蹈的時候，她要求被安排在后排，故A項正確。

　　7.A．back

　　B．front

　　C．edge

　　D．middle

　　答案：A　根據此空前的“...be put in the back row”和下段中“Tentatively she took the stage with the other students...”可知她的舞蹈老師告訴她沒有后排，故A項正確。

　　8.A．line

　　B．emotion

　　C．routine

　　D．behavior

　　答案：C　line意為“路線”；emotion意為“情感”；routine意為“例行程序”；behavior意為“行為”。根據語境可知此處表示她和其他學生一起在舞臺上按部就班地表演節目，故C項正確。

　　9.A．sympathy

　　B．sorrow

　　C．doubt

　　D．confidence

　　答案：D　sympathy意為“同情”；sorrow意為“悲傷”；doubt意為“懷疑”；confidence意為“自信”。根據語境可知此處表示觀眾的掌聲給了她鼓勵和繼續跳舞的信心，故D項正確。

　　10．A．Unfortunately

　　B．Delightedly

　　C．Disappointedly

　　D．Hopefully

　　答案：B　unfortunately意為“不幸地”；delightedly意為“高興地，欣喜地”；disappointedly意為“失望地”；hopefully意為“有希望地，有前途地”。根據此空后的“Jessica earned her first Black Belt in the International Taekwondo Federation at the age of 14”可知這是令人高興的事，故B項正確。

　　11．A．admitting

　　B．entering

　　C．graduating

　　D．settling

　　答案：C　根據此空后的“Jessica attended the University of Arizona”可知此處表示杰西卡高中畢業后， 上了亞利桑那州大學，graduate from意為“從……畢業”，為固定結構，故C項正確。

　　12．A．which

　　B．when

　　C．what

　　D．where

　　答案：D　分析句子成分可知，先行詞是the University of Arizona，定語從句中缺少地點狀語，故用where引導定語從句。

　　13．A．dreamed

　　B．ignored

　　C．explained

　　D．refused

　　答案：C　dream意為“夢想”；ignore意為“忽略，忽視”；explain意為“解釋”；refuse意為“拒絕”。根據此空后的“psychology trusts the way people think has a greater __14__ on their lives than a physical limitation”可知此處表示當談論她的學位的時候，她經常解釋說心理學相信人們思考的方式對他們的生活的影響比身體的局限要大，故C項正確。

　　14．A．symbol

　　B．frustration

　　C．evidence

　　D．impact

　　答案：D　symbol意為“標志，象征”；frustration意為“挫折，沮喪”；evidence意為“證據”；impact意為“影響，效果”。have a greater impact on...意為“對……有更大的影響”，為固定結構，符合語境。

　　15．A．board

　　B．fly

　　C．seat

　　D．launch

　　答案：B　board意為“登機”；fly意為“飛行”；seat意為“使……就座”；launch意為“發行”。根據下句“It look three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to __16__the right aircraft”可知她最著名的成就是學會了飛行，故B項正確。

　　16．A．find

　　B．lose

　　C．cancel

　　D．seek

　　答案：A　根據上文可知杰西卡天生沒有手臂，所以飛行對她來說，首先得找到合適的飛機，故A項正確。

　　17．A．experienced

　　B．scheduled

　　C．received

　　D．praised

　　答案：C　experience意為“經歷，體驗”；schedule意為“安排”；receive意為“收到，獲得”；praise意為“表揚”。根據此空后的the Guinness World Record可知此處表示她獲得了吉尼斯世界紀錄，故C項正確。

　　18．A．for

　　B．against

　　C．beyond

　　D．within

　　答案：A　for意為“為了，因為”；against意為“反對”；beyond意為“超過”；within意為“在……之內”。根據此空后的“being the first person certified to fly an airplane with only her feet”可知此處說明她獲得吉尼斯世界紀錄的原因，故A項正確。

　　19．A．describes as

　　B．regards as

　　C．treats as

　　D．works as

　　答案：D　describe as意為“描述為”；regard as意為“認為是”；treat as意為“對待，把……看作”；work as意為“擔任”。根據此空后的a motivational speaker可知此處表示杰西卡現在是勵志演講者，故D項正確。