Unit 16　Stories

　　需寫準記牢的單詞——記其形、明其義1．victim n．　受害者保護保存發生遺失5．gather vi.&vt.

　　聚集悲傷難過同情t vi.

　　爆炸；沖闖生動的逼真的艱苦困苦音樂n.

　　音樂劇音樂片以前的逐漸的n.

　　甜蜜溫柔溫暖突破重大發現不確定的需舉一反三的單詞——知其性、通其變放棄遺棄放任放縱→abandoned_放蕩的墮落的particularly_ adv.特別地；特定地→particular 特別的重要性；意義→significant_ 重要的；有意義的反常的不正常的→normal 正常的ourage_ vt.使泄氣使灰心→discouraged 灰心的泄氣的→discouraging 令人泄氣的→discouragement ．勸阻泄令人欽佩的→admire 欽佩.不能忍受的→bearable 可忍受的→bear 容忍忍受引起麻煩的→trouble vt.惹麻煩麻煩毛病渴望的熱衷的→eagerly_ 渴望地熱衷地

　　v．擴大擴充→expansion ．擴張需會讀明義的單詞——識其形、知其義 傳記想象(幻想)物公主王妃(評判的)標準(長篇)小說家膠囊；太空艙顫抖發抖令人敬倒回建筑原作的；真正的典型的紀念碑紀念堂詳細的；特定的小提琴家起源開端；出身痛苦困難嘲笑取笑出色的卓越的嚴重的嚴厲的限制倔強的固執的直接的；坦率的準確的精確的模仿寶貴的珍貴的復雜的明顯的顯而易見的討厭的令人厭倦的笨拙的令人不舒服的pill vi.&vt.

　　灑出濺出緊張的頭暈目眩的鼓掌笨拙的；不得體的

　　1．come_into_view

　　出現撞倒某人堵住從某種程度上說側身(使)解散；決裂以……的名字給……命名支撐起count_on

　　依靠理解弄清楚容忍忍受特別尤13．now_that

　　既然由于

　　1．[教材原句]Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking_out the sun and burying everything in its path, 普利尼描述道一團云自山巔而降遮天蔽日將所經之處的一切包括一座座村莊和城鎮統統吞沒。[句式解讀]現在分詞作伴隨狀語。[教材原句]Another man, lying_on_his_side,_as_if he is trying to get up.

　　躺在他旁邊的另一個人看上去好[句式解讀]lying on his side為現在分詞短語作非限制性定語引導表語從句。[教材原句]Now_that Helen understood the key to language, as_much_as_she_could．既然海倫理解了語言之謎她非常渴望學習更多的詞語并且盡可能多地使用它們。[句式解讀]now that引導原因狀語從句意為“某人盡可能地……”。[教材原句]Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.她的話使我感到非常困惑因為那時我若不用手觸摸就什么都不理解。[句式解讀]unless引導條件狀語從句。[教材原句]A son or daughter might inherit a nickname as a surname even_if they themselves did not share the particular characteristic.兒子或女兒可能因襲一個綽號作為自己的姓氏而他們本人卻并不帶有這種特點。[句式解讀]even if 引導讓步狀語從句。

　　[重難·搶分型詞匯——合作學會]

　　1. abandon　遺棄；拋棄；丟棄；放棄；中止；(與oneself連用)使放縱；使聽任放任；放縱[高考佳句](2024·北京高考閱讀A)In each episode (一期節目) of abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.

　　在每一期《人與自然》的節目中都會被丟棄在荒野中找到出路。(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea

　　　放棄希望/計劃/主意沉湎abandon doing sth.

　　放棄做某事(2)with abandon

　　放縱地；放任地(3)abandoned adj.

　　無約束的；無度的；放蕩的沉湎于……Those who abandon themselves to despair can't succeed.

　　那些自暴自棄的人無法成功。The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.

　　那些女孩子跳上跳下盡情地揮舞著手臂。He is abandoned to reading all kinds of books in his spare time.

　　閑暇之余他沉湎于閱讀各種書籍。

　　Ⅰ.單句語法填空carrying

　　(carry)

　　out the plan for lack of money.

　　②The young man does nothing but abandon himself to the Internet games.

　　Ⅱ.單句改錯h→fishing

　　④Soon they reached an abandoning building, where there once lived an old monk. abandoning→abandoned

　　2. witness　目擊；見證[C]目擊者；證人[高考佳句] (2024·廣東高考寫作)Over the year, witnessed gradual changes in the class.

　　一年來她目睹了班里逐漸發生的變化。(1)witness for/against　 　作有利于/不利于……的證明(doing) sth.

　　證明(做)某事(2)be a witness to

　　是……的目擊者；是……的證據為……作證證明為某人作證He witnessed to having seen the accused near the scene of the crime.

　　他作證在犯罪現場附近看見過被告人。Imagine you are a journalist and your partner is a witness to an accident.

　　假設你是一名記者你的同伴是一起事故的見證人。[語境串記]witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.

　　這個目擊了這起事故的目擊者向警察提交了證據并且答應做證人。

　　Ⅰ.介詞填空單句語法填空witnessed (witness) so many traffic jams on the expressway.

　　④Many people witnessed to having_bought (buy) unsafe foods in that supermarket.

　　Ⅲ.一句多譯警方希望任何目擊這起事故的人能給他們打電話。－1 The police would like to hear from anyone who_witnessed_the_accident．(witness ．)－2 The police would like to hear from anyone who_was_the_witness_to_the_accident. (witness ．)－3

　　The police would like to hear from anyone witnessing_the_accident. (現在分詞短語作定語)單句寫作(2024·天津高考書面表達)我們的城市有witness)四個不同的季節陽光充足、雨量充沛但在冬天你可能會覺得有點冷。feel_a_little_cold.

　　3．occur　發生；出現[高考佳句](2024·福建高考閱讀B)Though, zy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.

　　作為孩子我們認為這件事情有點偏執但是我們從sth. occurs to sb.　 　 　 　 　某人突然想起某事某人突然想起……某人突然想起做某事(2024·遼寧高考書面表達)Along with your wonderful innovation, occurs to you and what materials you use.

　　你需要和你奇妙的創新一起提交一份報告解釋你是怎么想到這個點子的你用的是什么材料。It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.

　　她突然想到她應該收養這個無家可歸的孩子。Didn't it occur to you to give him a call?

　　難道你沒有想到給他打電話嗎？

　　Ⅰ.用occur的相關用法完成句子Ⅱ.一句多譯我忽然想起來還沒有交作業。 that I had not handed in my paper.

　　4．burst　 爆裂；爆發；突然打開闖入突然破裂；爆發[高考佳句](2024·全國卷Ⅰ完形)When I handed him the gift card,

　　need, he burst into tears.

　　當我給他購物卡告訴他他的家人需要什么就能用購物卡買什么的時候他失聲大哭起來。

　　Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken away.

　　昨晚有人闖入房間但沒有帶走任何東西。(2024·湖北高考短文寫作)Hearing this, burst into laughter and my deskmate's face turned red.

　　＝Hearing this, burst out laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.

　　聽到這全班同學大笑起來我同桌的臉變紅了。[名師指津]　短語burst in中的in是副詞后面不接賓語；而burst into后接賓語。[形象識記]

　　Ⅰ.單句語法填空er in the next room.

　　Ⅱ.用burst的相關詞語完成小片段(突然開了)．My neighbour burst_into (突然闖入) my room. He was out of breath, t his newly－bought bike was lost. A burst (迸發爆發) of anger appeared on his face while he was talking (突然大哭起來)．What should I do? I had to go to the police station with him.5．discourage　．阻攔阻止勸阻；使灰心使泄氣[高考佳句](2024·湖南高考單選) Do not let any failures discourage

　　you,

　　you can never tell how close you may be to victory.

　　不要讓任何的失敗阻礙你因為你永遠不知道成功離你有多近。(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.

　　阻止某人做某事(2)discouragement n.

　　[U]阻止；泄氣[C]挫折使人泄氣的事物(3)discouraged adj.

　　泄氣的變得灰心泄氣令人泄氣的(4)encourage vt.

　　鼓勵鼓勵某人做某事(5)courage n.

　　[U]勇氣Parents should discourage their children from smoking.

　　父母應該阻止孩子吸煙。 Don't be/get discouraged,

　　the road to your dreams may not be an easy one.

　　別灰心通往你夢想的道路也許很艱難。

　　Ⅰ.用discourage的適當形式填空(2024·福建高考書面表達)Spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.he would never give up wanting to be a director.

　　③It is very discouraging that so many students have failed.

　　④They finished the task despite many discouragements．

　　Ⅱ.翻譯句子永遠不要被所謂的困難阻擋了前進的步伐。－called_difficulty.在失敗面前我們不應該氣餒。6．figure　．數字；圖形；人物；身材；人影 ．計算；認為[高考佳句](2024·福建高考單選)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.我想知道瑪麗這些年是如何保持她的身材的。

　　認為……想出理解；弄明白看透指望；期望依賴I figured that he was drunk and shouldn't be allowed to drive.

　　我認為他喝醉了不應該讓他開車。I can't figure out what it is that makes him so depressed recently.

　　我琢磨不透最近什么事讓他情緒這么低落。We figured on your coming early to help us.

　　我們指望你們會早些來幫助我們。[形象識記]

　　Ⅰ.寫出下列句中figure的詞性和含義figures. n．人物figure. n．身材figures.n.數字figured I would go a little further.vt.估計；認為figure in the dark. n．人影根據提示完成小片段我弄不明白她是怎么保持體形的盡管她40幾歲了。她告訴我她指望每天的鍛煉。她認為鍛煉是減肥的最好方式。rcise was the best way to lose weight.

　　7．come across　偶然遇見發現；被理解[高考佳句](2024·重慶高考閱讀D)You are very likely to come across large wild animals, 你也很可能遇到大型的野生動物。(植物)發芽；(太陽)升起；發生；被提及被討論提出提供；趕上(表示勸說、鼓勵、不耐煩等)來快得啦發生別胡鬧別裝蒜了come out

　　出現；出版；結果是(doing) sth.

　　當涉及……She came up with a new idea for increasing sale.

　　她想出了一個增加銷售量的新主意。When it comes to cooking, she is always talking without stop.

　　每當談到烹飪她就有說不完的話題。[聯想發散　 表示“偶遇”的短語還有：run_across,_等。

　　Ⅰ.用come的相關短語填空－dinner drink with our guest.is obvious that the magazine comes_out once a month.

　　④The engineers have come_up_with new ways of saving energy.

　　Ⅱ.一句多譯我昨天找一本書的時候偶然發現了這張老照片。－1

　　I_came_across_this_old_photograph when looking for a book yesterday.－2

　　I_ran_across_this_old_photograph when looking for a book yesterday.－3

　　I_happened_to_find_this_old_photograph when looking for a book yesterday. －4

　　I_found_this_old_photograph_by_chance when looking for a book yesterday.8．hold up　舉起；抬起；阻礙；使停頓；延誤；支撐；搶劫[高考佳句](2024·安徽高考閱讀B)To show this, held up one chopstick, representing one person.

　　為了說明這一點她舉起一根筷子代表一個人。縮回；阻止；隱瞞；抑制稍等；別掛斷(電話)堅持；維持；伸出堅持(原則、方向等)；遵循You must be holding something back from me.

　　你一定對我隱瞞著什么。When he left the telephone to find a pencil, he asked me to hold on.

　　放下電話找鉛筆時他讓我別掛掉。We must adjust to changing times and still hold to unchanging principles.

　　我們必須適應變化的時代并且仍然堅持不變的原則。

　　Ⅰ.寫出下列句中hold up的含義His brother tried to hold up the jewelry store and was sent to prison.搶劫hold up the roof.支撐－works on the motorway are holding up the traffic.使停頓；阻礙held up her arm and wiped her tears off.抬起介、副詞填空back at once.

　　⑦It is always futile to try to hold back the progress of history.

　　⑧I will stay in Mexico as long as my money holds out．

　　9．count on/upon　依賴依靠[經典例句]The government thought it could count on the support of the trades unions.政府認為可以指望獲得工會的支持。 　指望/依靠某物/某人指望/依靠某人做某事指望/依賴……有count

　　...in

　　把……包括在內不包括認為某人/某物是……If you are going out tonight,

　　you'll have to count me out.

　　假如你們今晚要出去就別把我算在內。I count him

　　as my closest friend.

　　我把他看作最親密的朋友。[聯想發散]　表示“依賴依靠”的短語還有：rely_on/upon,_等。

　　Ⅰ.介詞填空一句多譯我們只能依靠他來營救我們。－1

　　We can only count_on_him_to_rescue_us．－2

　　We can only count_on_it_that_he_will_rescue_us．－3

　　We can only count_on_him_rescuing_us．10．end up　 結果為……以……結束[高考佳句](2024·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀A)At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,

　　altogether.

　　最后我用拳頭打這個裝置它才停止了工作。(1)end (up) in　以……告終結果為……(up) with

　　以……結束(指以某種方式結束)作為……而結束結果……(2)come to an end

　　結束結束最后終于d

　　豎立；筆直地；連續地(both) ends meet

　　使收支相抵；量入為出If we neglect our future, we'll end up in failure as what happens to the man in the picture.

　　如果我們忽視我們的未來就像圖畫中的這個人一樣我們就會以失敗告終。He failed so many times that in the end he gave up the hope.

　　他失敗了那么多次以至于他最后放棄了希望。It rained heavily for three days on end and they were separated from the outside world.

　　大雨接連下了三天他們和外面的世界隔絕了。

　　Ⅰ.介詞填空(2024·廣東高考信息匹配)You help organize sports activities and other outdoor pursuits and you could end up with a qualification as an instructor.單句語法填空ending up gaining (gain) weight soon again.

　　⑥(2024·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀C)How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, ) — only to end up confused (confuse) by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?

　　[常考·保分型詞匯——自主練會]1．preserve　保存；保留；保護 ．保護區[練習]單句語法填空I think it our duty to_preserve (preserve) traditional Chinese culture.

　　②The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.

　　③The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation (preserve)．preserve sb./sth. from sth. “保護……免受……”；preservation ．維護；保護”。　 2．gather　v．聚集采集收集[練習]用gather的相關短語完成句子(聚集在一起) to talk about the problems needed to be settled.(收獲) the harvest.(加速越來越快) as it moved down the hill.gather together“聚集集合”；gather in“收獲”；gather speed“加速”。　 3．eager　熱切的渴望的渴求的[練習]單句語法填空to_meet (meet) people I had told him and see places I'd talked about.