1.choices。根據(jù)語境及“some of the”可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)choices。 2.basically。此處用于修飾謂語動詞,故應(yīng)該用basic的副詞形式basically,表示“基本上”。 3.about。固定搭配think about意為“考慮”。 4.excited。be excited about為固定搭配,意為“對……感到興奮”。 5.However。上一段的最后一句提到的是人生中遇到的比較順利的情形,而本句說明的是人生中的逆境,上下句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故應(yīng)當(dāng)用表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的副詞however。 6.decided。此處陳述的是過去的事實(shí),故應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。 7.lined。此處表示“將一切事情都準(zhǔn)備妥當(dāng)”,應(yīng)該使用have sth.done句型,表示“使某事被做”。 8.to help。此處表示的是move home的目的,應(yīng)該用不定式作目的狀語。 9.the。此處表示“所有這一切的關(guān)鍵所在”,為特指意義,故應(yīng)該用定冠詞the修飾key。 10.working。keep doing sth.為固定用法,意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。

　　第二部分 -*- 名師高效課堂 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測 專題十二　名詞性從句 第二部分 -*- 名師高效課堂 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測 專題十二　名詞性從句 名師高效課堂 第二部分 -*- 名師高效課堂 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測 專題十二　名詞性從句 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測 第二部分 -*- 名師高效課堂 即時(shí)跟蹤檢測 專題十二　名詞性從句 專題十二　名詞性從句 主語從句 主語從句,即在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語成分的句子。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞主要有從屬連詞that,whether;連接代詞who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,what,whatever,which,whichever;連接副詞when,where,how,why。 ?主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1.that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)無含義,在句中不作成分,但是不能省略。 2.whether有“是否”之意,在句中不作成分,不可以省略。主語從句位于句首時(shí)不能用if,只能用whether引導(dǎo),構(gòu)成whether...or not結(jié)構(gòu)。 3.在由連接代詞who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引導(dǎo)的主語從句中,其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用,擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分。 4.whatever,whoever在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不含疑問意義,并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。whatever=anything that;whoever=anyone who。

　　典例1　(2024·北京高考) makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.? A.That B.What C.Who D.Which 【解析】句意:使這本書非比尋常的是作者具有創(chuàng)造性的想象力。在主語從句中,makes前缺少主語,故選What。 【答案】 B 典例2　(2024·江西高考) one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.? A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Whichever D.Wherever 【解析】句意:無論你們當(dāng)中哪個(gè)人弄壞窗子都必須賠償。本句謂語為will have to pay,之前的部分為主語從句,根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用whichever“無論哪一個(gè)”,作定語修飾one。故選C項(xiàng)。 【答案】 C

　　?it作形式主語的主語從句 有時(shí)為了考慮句子平衡,通常在主語從句中使用形式主語it,而將真正的主語從句移至句末。常見的有三種情況。 1.that引導(dǎo)主語從句,通常用形式主語代替主語從句。常見的用it作形式主語的句型: (1)It is/was+形容詞(important,vital,unfair...)+that從句; (2)It is/was+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞(pity,shame,honor,fact,surprise...)+that從句; (3)It is/was+過去分詞(said,reported,intended...)+that從句; (4)It+不及物動詞(appear,happen...)+that從句。 2.對于以連接代詞(副詞)引導(dǎo)的主語從句,可以使用形式主語代替主語從句,也可直接在句首使用主語從句。 Whether Tom will attend the opening ceremony remains to be seen.=It remains to be seen whether Tom will attend the opening ceremony.湯姆是否會來參加開幕式還不得而知。 3.如果句子是疑問句,則必須用帶形式主語it的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Is it true that he is the girl’s father?他是那個(gè)女孩的父親,是真的嗎?

　　典例　 worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.? A.This B.That C.What D.It 【解析】句意:他不停地改變他的想法,這讓我很煩惱。本句中the way he keeps changing his mind是真正的主語,應(yīng)用it作形式主語。 【答案】 D

　　賓語從句 ?賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1.連詞that引導(dǎo)由陳述句變來的賓語從句。that...and/but that...引導(dǎo)由并列或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的陳述句變來的賓語從句。 I know (that) he is a teacher.我知道他是個(gè)老師。 I hear that your father is a singer and that your mother is a dancer.我聽說你的父親是一名歌唱家,你的母親是一名舞蹈家。 2.連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)由一般疑問句、反義疑問句或選擇疑問句變來的賓語從句。 Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?你能不能告訴我澳大利亞冬季是否下雪? 3.連接代詞、副詞(即疑問詞)引導(dǎo)由特殊疑問句變來的賓語從句。 Please tell me how you go to school.請告訴我你怎樣去學(xué)校。

　　?賓語從句中連詞that的省略 that引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí),不可省略,但在賓語從句中that通常可以省略。但是當(dāng)兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連詞and連接時(shí),第一個(gè)that可以省略,后面的并列賓語從句中的連詞that不可省略。 I noticed (that) he spoke English fluently and that he often helped others with their English.我注意到他說英語很流利,并且經(jīng)常幫助他人學(xué)英語。 ?賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài) 1.賓語從句要用陳述句語序。 Do you know where Tom lives?你知道湯姆住在哪里嗎? 2.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)有以下幾種情況。 (1)如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),則賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)不受限制,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。 I hear Joan left for Beijing yesterday.我聽說瓊昨天去北京了。 I hear Joan has left for Beijing.我聽說瓊已經(jīng)去北京了。 I hear Joan will leave for Beijing.我聽說瓊將要去北京。

　　(2)如果主句為一般過去時(shí),則賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)只能用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。 Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凱特說她昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候正在看電視。 Kate said she was going to school soon.凱特說她馬上去上學(xué)。 Kate said she had seen the film before.凱特說她已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。 (3)如果賓語從句講述的是客觀真理或普遍事實(shí),則無論主句用何種時(shí)態(tài),賓語從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Miss Hu told us that the earth goes around the sun.胡老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 (4)如果賓語從句是由when引導(dǎo)的從句或帶有時(shí)間狀語的從句,則when引導(dǎo)的從句或時(shí)間狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)不變。 The teacher wanted to know when the girl was born.老師想要知道這個(gè)女孩的出生日期。 Tom said he had worked here since he left school.湯姆說他自從離開學(xué)校后,就在這工作了。 (5)如果賓語從句中含有過去具體的年、月、日,則其時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。 I know Lucy was born in 1986.我知道露西出生于1986年。

　　?it作形式賓語的賓語從句 1.find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等動詞后面接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,從句后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),通常在謂語動詞后使用形式賓語it,而將真正的賓語放在句末。 I think it best that you should stay here.我覺得你最好就待在這里。 ◆特別提醒 若賓語從句是由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的,則通常不用it作形式賓語,而是直接使用賓語從句。 This letter makes clear what was implied in the address.這封信說清楚了那個(gè)演講詞的含義。

　　2.that從句不可作介詞賓語(in,but,except除外)。如果要作介詞賓語,就得用it作形式賓語。常見的有此類用法的有depend on,rely on,count on,see to,look to,insist on等。 You can depend on it that he will come on time.他會按時(shí)來的,這點(diǎn)你放心。 Look to it that this won’t happen again.要注意這種事不要再發(fā)生了。 3.有些及物動詞需要用that從句作賓語時(shí),不直接與賓語從句連用,而是使用形式賓語,如have it that,take it that,take it for granted that,can’t help it that等。 Rumors have it that the school was burned down.有傳言說學(xué)校被燒掉了。 We can’t help it that things went so badly.事情搞得如此糟糕,我們也沒辦法。

　　典例1　(2024·北京高考)Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.? A.Why

　　B.where

　　C.that

　　D.what 【解析】句意:專家們相信人們只在必要的時(shí)候購物就會浪費(fèi)更少的食物。動詞believe之后為賓語從句,從句陳述一個(gè)事實(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)完整,不缺少成分,故選用that。 【答案】 C 典例2　(2011·江西高考)Why don’t you bring to his attention that you’re too ill to work on?? A.that

　　B.it

　　C.his D.him 【解析】句意:為什么你不讓他注意到你病得太嚴(yán)重了以至于不能繼續(xù)工作下去?it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。因此選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】 B

　　?賓語從句的連接詞that不能省略的幾種情況 1.賓語從句前有插入語。 We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反,我們希望他和我們待在家里。 2.有間接賓語時(shí)。 He told me that he was leaving for Japan.他告訴我他要?jiǎng)由砣ト毡玖恕?3.that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語從句之后。 He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it.他說那本書很有趣,所有小孩都喜歡讀。 4.在“it(形式賓語)+補(bǔ)語”之后時(shí)。 I think it necessary that he should stay here.我們認(rèn)為他有必要留在這里。

　　5.that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)。 —What did he hear?他聽說了什么事? —That Kate had passed the exam.(他聽說)凱特考試及格了。 6.在except等介詞后。 He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽煙太多之外,沒有什么特別的毛病。 7.位于句首時(shí)。 That our team will win,I believe.我相信我們隊(duì)會贏。

　　表語從句和同位語從句 ?表語從句 1.表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 (1)一般來說,可用于引導(dǎo)主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞也可用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)通常不省略,但在口語或非正式文體中有時(shí)也可省略。 The only pity is that I missed the beginning of the movie.唯一的遺憾就是我錯(cuò)過了這部影片的開頭。 (2)從屬連詞as if,as though,because,why等也能引導(dǎo)表語從句。 It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日! ◆特別提醒 because引導(dǎo)的表語從句,主語不能是reason或cause。since和as不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。

　　2.That’s why...與That’s because...。 “That’s why+表語從句”陳述結(jié)果,意為“這就是……的原因”;“That is because+表語從句”陳述原因,意為“這是因?yàn)椤薄?He caught a bad cold yesterday.That’s (the reason) why he is absent from school today.他昨天得了重感冒,所以今天沒來上學(xué)。(第一句說明原因,第二句說明結(jié)果) He is absent from school today.That’s because he caught a bad cold yesterday.他今天沒來上學(xué),這是因?yàn)樗蛱斓昧酥馗忻啊?第一句說明結(jié)果,第二句說明原因)

　　典例1　(2024·安徽高考)A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not ships are built for.? A.what B.whom C.why D.when 【解析】句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但這并非建造船的目的。分析句子可知,表語從句中的for后缺少賓語,應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。what與for連用,表示目的。故選A項(xiàng)。 【答案】 A 典例2　(2024·北京高考)The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.? A.where B.when C.how D.why 【解析】根據(jù)題干前半部分中的moment一詞推斷,后面應(yīng)該說的是“……的時(shí)候”,所以本題選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】 B

　　?同位語從句 1.同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 當(dāng)名詞后面所接的從句表示與名詞同位并為名詞的實(shí)際內(nèi)容時(shí),這個(gè)從句就是同位語從句。同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般不能省略。 (1)名詞answer,belief,conclusion,decision,discovery,explanation,fact,hope,idea,information,knowledge,law,message,news,no doubt,opinion,order,possibility,promise,proof,proposal,report,risk,rumor,story,suggestion,truth,theory,thought,wish,word等接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 I’m bothered by the thought that I might not have a job next year.一想到我明年可能沒工作,我就煩。 They forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometers from coast to coast.他們忘了一個(gè)事實(shí),那就是,加拿大從東海岸到西海岸長5500公里。

　　(2)名詞doubt,problem,question接whether(不能用if)引導(dǎo)的同位語從句表示疑問,此時(shí)還可以根據(jù)句意用when,how,where,who等引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句。 (3)表示“命令,建議,要求”等含義的名詞,如advice,demand,decision,desire,idea,insistence,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish等,其同位語從句須用虛擬語氣。

　　典例1　The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.? A.what B.which C.that D.though 【解析】句意:近年來地球氣候逐漸變暖,很多科學(xué)家已經(jīng)為此擔(dān)憂。先行詞是the fact,故用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句說明fact的具體內(nèi)容。 【答案】 C 典例2　—It’s thirty years since we last met. —But I still remember the story,believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night.? A.which B.that C.what D.when 【解析】that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,在從句中不作任何成分,解釋說明story的具體內(nèi)容。 【答案】 B

　　2.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。 連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)放在某些抽象名詞之后,如fact,hope,desire,thought等,對前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,連詞that只起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分,因此that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句是完整的,不缺任何成分。 關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),that一方面起引導(dǎo)定語從句的作用,另一方面,that在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。因此,that引導(dǎo)的定語從句是殘缺的。 The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.我們的足球隊(duì)贏得了比賽的消息令人振奮。(同位語從句,不缺任何成分) The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.我們從收音機(jī)上聽到的消息是不實(shí)的。(定語從句,缺少賓語)

　　一、單句填空 1.After six hours’ drive,they finally reached they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.? 1.what。reach是及物動詞,其后跟賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,因此應(yīng)使用連接代詞,此處表示“……的那個(gè)地方”,應(yīng)該使用連接代詞what,相當(dāng)于the place that。 2.This still leaves the question of local public services should be improved in the next five years.? 2.how。句意:留下來的問題是當(dāng)?shù)氐墓卜?wù)在接下來的五年內(nèi)應(yīng)該怎么改進(jìn)。此處引導(dǎo)的是介詞of的賓語從句,從句中缺少方式狀語,故應(yīng)用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 3.It suddenly hit him he had left his umbrella in the taxi on his way home.? 3.that。句意:他突然想起在回家的路上他把雨傘忘在出租車上了。在It suddenly hit him that...句型中it作形式主語,真正的主語是后面的從句。

　　4.The award should be given to makes great contributions to the film industry.? 4.whoever。句意:這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)應(yīng)該授予任何對電影產(chǎn)業(yè)做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人。此處用于引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作介詞to的賓語,表示“任何……的人”,故應(yīng)用連接代詞whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 5.Jacob is always ready to offer a helping hand and that’s he has a good reputation.? 5.why。句意:雅各布總是樂于助人,所以他聲譽(yù)頗佳。此處用于引導(dǎo)表語從句,在表語從句中陳述結(jié)果,故應(yīng)該使用連接副詞why引導(dǎo)表語從句。 6.Some college students are doing work they can find to support themselves.? 6.whatever。句意:有些大學(xué)生正在做任何他們能夠找到的工作來供養(yǎng)自己。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,表示“任何……”,故用連接代詞whatever來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。在此處whatever work相當(dāng)于any work that。

　　7.Whenever a natural disaster happens,we should offer help we could to those victims.? 7.whatever。句意:當(dāng)災(zāi)難發(fā)生時(shí),我們應(yīng)該提供任何可能的幫助給那些受害者。所填詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作offer的賓語,表示“任何……”,故用連接代詞whatever來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。在此處whatever help相當(dāng)于any help that。 8.The 4G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to wants to get the information from the Internet quickly.? 8.whoever。句意:4G手機(jī)對于那些想要快速獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息的人來說一定是非常方便實(shí)用的。whoever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞to的賓語,且whoever在賓語從句中作主語,相當(dāng)于anyone who。 9.It doesn’t matter how many times you fail; matters is how many times you stand up and try again.? 9.what。句意:你失敗了多少次并不重要;重要的是你又站起來并嘗試了多少次。此處引導(dǎo)主語從句,又在從句中作主語,應(yīng)用what。

　　10.It remains to be seenthe newly-employed secretary is fit for the job.? 10.whether。句意:新來的秘書能否勝任這份工作還有待觀察。it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語從句中不缺少主干成分,結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)填whether,表示“是否”。 11.We are strongly against the company’s decision it will fire half of its staff in the following year.? 11.that。句意:我們強(qiáng)烈反對公司將在來年解雇一半員工的決定。此處應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明decision的內(nèi)容。 12. shocks the audience in the film Back to 1942 is the great suffering the famine(饑荒) brought to Henan people.? 12.What。句意:電影《1942》讓觀眾震撼的是大饑荒給河南人民帶來的巨大苦難。空處引導(dǎo)主語從句并在從句中作主語,應(yīng)用what。 13.You can complain,but I doubt it will make any difference.? 13.whether。句意:你可以抱怨,但是我懷疑這是否會起作用。此處doubt后接賓語從句,表示“是否”,故應(yīng)使用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 14.As many as ten courses are provided,and we’re free to choosesuits us best.? 14.whichever/which。賓語從句中缺少主語,所以用連接代詞;再根據(jù)“As many as ten courses are provided”可知,所提供的科目有一定的范圍,所以用whichever或which引導(dǎo)此賓語從句。 15.After a long journey,those young men reached they called the paradise.? 15.what。句意:經(jīng)過長途跋涉后,這些年輕人終于到達(dá)了他們稱之為天堂的地方。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作reached的賓語,從句中缺少called的賓語,故應(yīng)該用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,相當(dāng)于the place that...。

　　二、語法填空 Today I spent time talking to an old friend about some of the 1.(choose) that we have made in our lives.We both agree that life has 2.(basic) been good to us.And we are very appreciative of what we have been blessed with.? Today I would like you to think 3. your journey and where you see yourself in the next five years.Do you see that you have become exactly who you set out to be?If you are like me,you are working daily on those goals.I work on my goals because I am 4.(excite) about that opportunity.? 5.,I do realize that sometimes life can get in the way of our goals.I remember when my friend 6.(decide) to buy her first home,she was ready and had everything 7. (line) up.But during this time her father died and she had to move home 8.(help) take care of her mother.Her goal was delayed,but she didn’t give it up completely.And that’s exactly 9. key to this all.In order to achieve your goals you have to keep 10.(work) on them.?