探討雅思閱讀判斷題的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
雅思學(xué)術(shù)類考試作為準(zhǔn)備出國學(xué)習(xí)的一項(xiàng)成績，在很多學(xué)子的出國路上造成了不小的障礙。而閱讀部分一大難點(diǎn)是其變化多端、紛繁復(fù)雜的題型。這些題型粗粗的算來可以分為九大類：標(biāo)題對(duì)應(yīng)題、真假判斷題、總結(jié)題、簡答題、句子完成題、圖表填空題、配對(duì)題、選擇題、流程圖題。在這些題型當(dāng)中，真假判斷題占到了將近50%。所以判斷題做得好壞直接決定了考生在閱讀上的成績。
在是非無判斷題的考試中,考生要對(duì)試卷上所列出的一系列命題進(jìn)行判斷。如果這些陳述句是反映觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度的，那么考生的任務(wù)就是判斷這些句子是否和作者的觀點(diǎn)一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是YES,NO或者是NOT GIVEN。如果這些陳述句表述的內(nèi)容是有關(guān)事實(shí)信息,那么考生就要判斷這些句子是否和文中的信息一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是TRUE,FALSE或者是NOT GIVEN。這里要特別說明的是在考試中YES,NO,NOT GIVEN和TRUE,FALSE,NOT GIVEN只是考試形式的區(qū)別,在判斷方式上并沒有本質(zhì)區(qū)別。
那么，我們需要拿什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來判斷我們的命題是否正確呢?現(xiàn)在有很多不同的說法，在多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，我總結(jié)出了這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
TRUE或YES：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)完全對(duì)應(yīng)。
FALSE或NO：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)想矛盾。
NOT GIVEN：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒有錯(cuò)誤的前提之下，至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯文章沒有提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
用表格的形式表述如下：
下面結(jié)合劍橋雅思4上面的具體題目來講解一下我的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
首先來解釋TRUE/YES的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)完全對(duì)應(yīng)。從表述中可以看出，正確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是唯一性的，只有在全部考點(diǎn)都正確的情況下，該命題才能被判斷為TRUE/YES。
Academic Test 1
Reading Passage 1
3.
題干：It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school.
原文：Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure science, curriculum science.
分析：此題答案為TRUE。從兩個(gè)句子表達(dá)中不難看出，兩句話都是針對(duì)children這同一對(duì)象，并且在觀點(diǎn)陳述中hold對(duì)應(yīng)harbour都作動(dòng)詞，表示包含，擁有, mistaken views對(duì)應(yīng)misconceptions,表示錯(cuò)誤的概念， that they study at school對(duì)應(yīng)curriculum science，在這里curriculum做名詞，表示學(xué)校課程的意思。
4.
題干：The fact that childrens ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.
原文：These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,
分析：雖然原文是一個(gè)長難句，但從表達(dá)意思的主體上來看并沒有太大的改變。childrens ideas about science對(duì)應(yīng)these misconceptions，都指的兒童對(duì)于科學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)，只不過文章中表達(dá)為錯(cuò)誤的概念，form part of a larger framework of ideas對(duì)應(yīng)do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework，都表達(dá)了兒童的觀點(diǎn)形成了一個(gè)大的框架的觀點(diǎn)，區(qū)別就在于文章對(duì)這個(gè)框架作了一些詳細(xì)的描述，means that it is easier to change them對(duì)應(yīng)making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification，在這里，考點(diǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)集中在了easier 正好對(duì)應(yīng)了文章中的more accessible, to change them對(duì)應(yīng)了modification.
7.
題干：The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests.
原文：These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforest...
分析：在這里，關(guān)鍵的考點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)集中在了follows on from對(duì)應(yīng)了consistent，都表示一致的意思，a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests對(duì)應(yīng)了our previous studies of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforest，同樣表示了之前已經(jīng)研究過的兒童對(duì)于熱帶雨林的觀點(diǎn)。
Academic Test 3
Reading Passage 1
12
題干：The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.
原文：All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans...generally the rates have been modest
分析：題干中表達(dá)the children have to pay back... more money than they borrowed對(duì)應(yīng)文章中All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans，全部計(jì)劃都要收利息，所以兒童必須還錢，并且有了利息的存在，所以兒童要還比他借的錢多的一部分的錢;并且，slightly對(duì)應(yīng)了modest, generally the rates have been modest，利率不多，并且比銀行的要低，所以只高出了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。
Academic Test 4
Reading Passage 1
1.
題干：Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.
原文：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records......
分析：about 1900對(duì)應(yīng)the early years of the twentieth century，Modern official athletic records date from對(duì)應(yīng)when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records
6.
題干：The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be recognised at a younger age.
原文：Over the past century,...but with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes-----it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early.
分析：The growing international importance of athletics對(duì)應(yīng)with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes, gifted athletes對(duì)應(yīng)individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance，recognised at a younger age對(duì)應(yīng)more likely...can be identified early.
從這些例子中可以看出，所有被判斷為正確的陳述表達(dá)無一例外的都和文章中的考點(diǎn)表達(dá)存在一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系。
接下來，來看看FALSE / NO的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)想矛盾。無論其他的考點(diǎn)是什么結(jié)論，只需要其中有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，那么這個(gè)命題的答案就是錯(cuò)誤的。
雅思學(xué)術(shù)類考試作為準(zhǔn)備出國學(xué)習(xí)的一項(xiàng)成績，在很多學(xué)子的出國路上造成了不小的障礙。而閱讀部分一大難點(diǎn)是其變化多端、紛繁復(fù)雜的題型。這些題型粗粗的算來可以分為九大類：標(biāo)題對(duì)應(yīng)題、真假判斷題、總結(jié)題、簡答題、句子完成題、圖表填空題、配對(duì)題、選擇題、流程圖題。在這些題型當(dāng)中，真假判斷題占到了將近50%。所以判斷題做得好壞直接決定了考生在閱讀上的成績。
在是非無判斷題的考試中,考生要對(duì)試卷上所列出的一系列命題進(jìn)行判斷。如果這些陳述句是反映觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度的，那么考生的任務(wù)就是判斷這些句子是否和作者的觀點(diǎn)一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是YES,NO或者是NOT GIVEN。如果這些陳述句表述的內(nèi)容是有關(guān)事實(shí)信息,那么考生就要判斷這些句子是否和文中的信息一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是TRUE,FALSE或者是NOT GIVEN。這里要特別說明的是在考試中YES,NO,NOT GIVEN和TRUE,FALSE,NOT GIVEN只是考試形式的區(qū)別,在判斷方式上并沒有本質(zhì)區(qū)別。
那么，我們需要拿什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來判斷我們的命題是否正確呢?現(xiàn)在有很多不同的說法，在多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，我總結(jié)出了這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
TRUE或YES：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)完全對(duì)應(yīng)。
FALSE或NO：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)想矛盾。
NOT GIVEN：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒有錯(cuò)誤的前提之下，至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯文章沒有提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
用表格的形式表述如下：
下面結(jié)合劍橋雅思4上面的具體題目來講解一下我的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
首先來解釋TRUE/YES的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)完全對(duì)應(yīng)。從表述中可以看出，正確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是唯一性的，只有在全部考點(diǎn)都正確的情況下，該命題才能被判斷為TRUE/YES。
Academic Test 1
Reading Passage 1
3.
題干：It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school.
原文：Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure science, curriculum science.
分析：此題答案為TRUE。從兩個(gè)句子表達(dá)中不難看出，兩句話都是針對(duì)children這同一對(duì)象，并且在觀點(diǎn)陳述中hold對(duì)應(yīng)harbour都作動(dòng)詞，表示包含，擁有, mistaken views對(duì)應(yīng)misconceptions,表示錯(cuò)誤的概念， that they study at school對(duì)應(yīng)curriculum science，在這里curriculum做名詞，表示學(xué)校課程的意思。
4.
題干：The fact that childrens ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.
原文：These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,
分析：雖然原文是一個(gè)長難句，但從表達(dá)意思的主體上來看并沒有太大的改變。childrens ideas about science對(duì)應(yīng)these misconceptions，都指的兒童對(duì)于科學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)，只不過文章中表達(dá)為錯(cuò)誤的概念，form part of a larger framework of ideas對(duì)應(yīng)do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework，都表達(dá)了兒童的觀點(diǎn)形成了一個(gè)大的框架的觀點(diǎn)，區(qū)別就在于文章對(duì)這個(gè)框架作了一些詳細(xì)的描述，means that it is easier to change them對(duì)應(yīng)making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification，在這里，考點(diǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)集中在了easier 正好對(duì)應(yīng)了文章中的more accessible, to change them對(duì)應(yīng)了modification.
7.
題干：The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests.
原文：These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforest...
分析：在這里，關(guān)鍵的考點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)集中在了follows on from對(duì)應(yīng)了consistent，都表示一致的意思，a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests對(duì)應(yīng)了our previous studies of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforest，同樣表示了之前已經(jīng)研究過的兒童對(duì)于熱帶雨林的觀點(diǎn)。
Academic Test 3
Reading Passage 1
12
題干：The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.
原文：All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans...generally the rates have been modest
分析：題干中表達(dá)the children have to pay back... more money than they borrowed對(duì)應(yīng)文章中All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans，全部計(jì)劃都要收利息，所以兒童必須還錢，并且有了利息的存在，所以兒童要還比他借的錢多的一部分的錢;并且，slightly對(duì)應(yīng)了modest, generally the rates have been modest，利率不多，并且比銀行的要低，所以只高出了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。
Academic Test 4
Reading Passage 1
1.
題干：Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.
原文：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records......
分析：about 1900對(duì)應(yīng)the early years of the twentieth century，Modern official athletic records date from對(duì)應(yīng)when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records
6.
題干：The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be recognised at a younger age.
原文：Over the past century,...but with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes-----it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early.
分析：The growing international importance of athletics對(duì)應(yīng)with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes, gifted athletes對(duì)應(yīng)individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance，recognised at a younger age對(duì)應(yīng)more likely...can be identified early.
從這些例子中可以看出，所有被判斷為正確的陳述表達(dá)無一例外的都和文章中的考點(diǎn)表達(dá)存在一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系。
接下來，來看看FALSE / NO的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞匯和原文中的表達(dá)想矛盾。無論其他的考點(diǎn)是什么結(jié)論，只需要其中有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，那么這個(gè)命題的答案就是錯(cuò)誤的。
