高考英語(yǔ)配套教學(xué)課件《Unit 4 Helping people around the World》專(zhuān)題語(yǔ)法攻略(十九) 主謂一致 譯林版選修6
?、叻侵^語(yǔ)形式、從句作主語(yǔ) 單獨(dú)的不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如果多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連在一起表達(dá)同一概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果表達(dá)不同概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。 Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure.夏天游泳,冬天滑冰是他最大的樂(lè)趣。 what,which,whatever,whichever 等引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)意義一致原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。 What the boy wanted are some books. 這個(gè)男孩想要的是一些書(shū)。 What he needs is more time. 他需要的是更多的時(shí)間。 主謂一致指的是句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致,通常指的主謂一致是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)上的一致性。 一、主謂一致的三個(gè)原則 1.語(yǔ)法一致
主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,即主語(yǔ)是單
數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
The number of errors is surprising.
錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)目是驚人的。
Two students are waiting for you in your office.
兩名學(xué)生在辦公室等你。 3.就近一致
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ),主要體現(xiàn)在由
or,either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等
連接的主語(yǔ)及there be...句型中。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
你和我都沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。
There is a pen,five pencils and two pencil-boxes on the
table.桌子上有一支鋼筆、五支鉛筆和兩個(gè)鉛筆盒。 [注意] (1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前一個(gè)名詞而定。 Tom as well as his family is seeing a film. 湯姆和他的家人在看電影。 (2)復(fù)數(shù)名詞+of this kind作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)視前一個(gè)名詞形式,用復(fù)數(shù)。 Birds of this this kind are rare now. 現(xiàn)在這種鳥(niǎo)不常見(jiàn)了。 Men of this kind are dangerous. 這類(lèi)人很危險(xiǎn)。 二、主謂一致的應(yīng)用 1.不定代詞作主語(yǔ)
不定代詞either,neither,each,one,someone,
somebody,something,anyone,anybody,
nobody,no one,everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用
單數(shù)。
Either answer is correct.
兩個(gè)答案都正確。
Each boy and each girl likes Jay Chou.
每個(gè)男孩和女孩都喜歡周杰倫。 [注意] (1)each放在主語(yǔ)后作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),each不決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。 They each have a dictionary. =Each of them has a dictionary. 他們每人都有一本字典。 (2)none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)如果指人或可數(shù)的物,表數(shù)目,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可;如果指不可數(shù)名詞,表量,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 None of us is/are interested in your new subject. 我們中沒(méi)人對(duì)你的新課題感興趣。 2.名詞作主語(yǔ) 1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況 (1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)以及不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
詞用單數(shù)。
The cat is under the table.
貓?jiān)谧雷拥紫隆?(2)以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),如news,
works,physics,maths,gymnastics等以及書(shū)名、戲劇
名、報(bào)紙及國(guó)家名稱(chēng)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
The United Nations was founded in 1945.
聯(lián)合國(guó)成立于1945年。 (3)“a+單數(shù)名詞+or two”或“one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名
詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
A student or two has failed the exam.
一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 (4)如果主語(yǔ)由more than one...或many a...構(gòu)成,盡管從意
義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
許多船只毀于這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴。
[注意] 但是“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 More members than one are against your plan. 不止一個(gè)成員反對(duì)你的計(jì)劃。 (5)“a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 This kind of computer is made in Korea. 這種電腦產(chǎn)于韓國(guó)。 (6)表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、書(shū)名、度量衡等數(shù)詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Fifty years is not a long time. 50年并不長(zhǎng)。 The Selected Poems of LiBai was published long ago. 《李白詩(shī)選》很久之前就出版了。 (7)用and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ),指同一人或物或通常由
兩個(gè)部件配成的物品時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:a knife
and fork(一副刀叉),a cup and saucer(帶茶托的茶杯),
a coat and skirt 一套上裝和裙子,a desk and chair(一套
桌椅),a needle and thread(針線),war and peace(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
與和平),iron and steel(鋼鐵)等。
Egg and rice is her usual breakfast.
她的早點(diǎn)通常是蛋炒飯。 2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式的情況 (1)兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and或both...and...連接指兩個(gè)人或物,
作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
Both my father and my sister are famous artists.
我父親和妹妹都是著名的藝術(shù)家。 [注意] 要看前后兩個(gè)名詞前是否都有冠詞。 The poet and the singer have come. 這位詩(shī)人和這位歌唱家都來(lái)了。 The poet and singer has come. 這位詩(shī)人兼歌唱家來(lái)了。 (2)表示總稱(chēng)意義形單意復(fù)的名詞,如cattle,people,police等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The cattle are drinking water in the river. 牛正在河里喝水。 (3)一些常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常用的這類(lèi)名詞有clothes, trousers,shorts(短褲),scales,effects,goods,papers,earnings,odds,thanks,woods,shoes,scissors,gloves,glasses等。 Her clothes are of good quality. 她的衣服質(zhì)量很好。 [注意] trousers,glasses,scissors等作主語(yǔ),前面若無(wú)a suit of,a pair of,a set of,a series of等這類(lèi)詞修飾,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。若帶有這類(lèi)詞修飾,則由這類(lèi)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Her trousers are beautiful indeed. 她的褲子真的很好看。 This pair of glasses is very expensive.這副眼鏡很貴。 The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made. 這兩把剪刀都是杭州制造的。 (4)山脈、群島、瀑布等的名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。 The Niagara Falls are on the Niagara River. 尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。 (5)“the+adj.”泛指一類(lèi)人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
這類(lèi)詞有the poor,the rich,the deaf,the brave,the
dead,the old,the young,the sick,the guilty(有罪的
人),the wise,the living,the aged(老人)等。
The old are well looked after by the government.
政府對(duì)老年人照顧得很好。
The good are happy.
善者長(zhǎng)樂(lè)。 [注意] the+adj.指?jìng)€(gè)別人時(shí),要看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 The dead was about thirty years of age.死者30歲左右。 (6)以-sh,-ch,和-ese等結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)家、民族的詞與 the 連用時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)含義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類(lèi)詞有the Chinese,the English,the British,the Spanish,the Russian,the Japanese,the Welsh(威爾士人)等。 The English are a little conservative. 英國(guó)人有點(diǎn)保守。 The Chinese are hard-working. 中國(guó)人勤勞。 3)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的情況 (1)分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ) ①“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,half of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。 This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娴娜种沁|闊的海洋。 Two thirds of those tasks have been completed. 三分之二的任務(wù)已完成。 ②the rest(of...),the remaining,part(of...),one half(of...)等詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)和它們所修飾的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 Ten of you go to plant trees and the rest remain at school. 你們當(dāng)中十人去植樹(shù),其余的留在學(xué)校。 Part of his story is not true. 他的故事部分不是真實(shí)的。 Part of the teachers in our school are from Shanghai. 我們學(xué)校老師中有一部分來(lái)自上海。 (2)特殊用法
①某些集體名詞,如family,team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果作
為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果著眼于組
成該集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員或個(gè)體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
His family is a large one.
他家人口很多。
The whole family are watching TV.
全家人都在看電視。 這類(lèi)名詞有:audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team,population等。 The population in China is very large,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. 中國(guó)人口很多,且百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。 ②單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單復(fù)數(shù),這類(lèi)名詞有means,works,species等。 The glass works is near the railway station. 那家玻璃廠在火車(chē)站附近。 Some sheep are over there. 那兒有幾只羊。 ③在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 兩個(gè)窗子之間掛著一幅畫(huà)。
④定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,先行詞是單數(shù),定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式;先行詞是復(fù)數(shù),定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Smiths who are now downstairs are asking to see you. 史密斯夫婦要見(jiàn)你,他們正在樓下。 The news that has been published in today's newspaper is not true.今天報(bào)紙上發(fā)布的資訊不是真的。 [注意] (1)在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one。因此,從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.這是問(wèn)過(guò)的最有趣的問(wèn)題之一。 (2)但是當(dāng)one之前有the only,the very或the等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one,而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,因此從句的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 She was the only one of the students who was late for the meeting.她是惟一開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的學(xué)生。 ⑥a number of,a group of 等修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)一般也用復(fù)數(shù),“the number of+名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 A number of students were absent yesterday. 許多學(xué)生昨天缺席。 The number of pages in this book is nine hundred. 這本書(shū)的頁(yè)數(shù)是900。
?、叻侵^語(yǔ)形式、從句作主語(yǔ) 單獨(dú)的不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如果多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連在一起表達(dá)同一概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果表達(dá)不同概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。 Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure.夏天游泳,冬天滑冰是他最大的樂(lè)趣。 what,which,whatever,whichever 等引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)意義一致原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。 What the boy wanted are some books. 這個(gè)男孩想要的是一些書(shū)。 What he needs is more time. 他需要的是更多的時(shí)間。 主謂一致指的是句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致,通常指的主謂一致是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)上的一致性。 一、主謂一致的三個(gè)原則 1.語(yǔ)法一致
主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,即主語(yǔ)是單
數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
The number of errors is surprising.
錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)目是驚人的。
Two students are waiting for you in your office.
兩名學(xué)生在辦公室等你。 3.就近一致
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ),主要體現(xiàn)在由
or,either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等
連接的主語(yǔ)及there be...句型中。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
你和我都沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。
There is a pen,five pencils and two pencil-boxes on the
table.桌子上有一支鋼筆、五支鉛筆和兩個(gè)鉛筆盒。 [注意] (1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前一個(gè)名詞而定。 Tom as well as his family is seeing a film. 湯姆和他的家人在看電影。 (2)復(fù)數(shù)名詞+of this kind作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)視前一個(gè)名詞形式,用復(fù)數(shù)。 Birds of this this kind are rare now. 現(xiàn)在這種鳥(niǎo)不常見(jiàn)了。 Men of this kind are dangerous. 這類(lèi)人很危險(xiǎn)。 二、主謂一致的應(yīng)用 1.不定代詞作主語(yǔ)
不定代詞either,neither,each,one,someone,
somebody,something,anyone,anybody,
nobody,no one,everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用
單數(shù)。
Either answer is correct.
兩個(gè)答案都正確。
Each boy and each girl likes Jay Chou.
每個(gè)男孩和女孩都喜歡周杰倫。 [注意] (1)each放在主語(yǔ)后作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),each不決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。 They each have a dictionary. =Each of them has a dictionary. 他們每人都有一本字典。 (2)none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)如果指人或可數(shù)的物,表數(shù)目,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可;如果指不可數(shù)名詞,表量,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 None of us is/are interested in your new subject. 我們中沒(méi)人對(duì)你的新課題感興趣。 2.名詞作主語(yǔ) 1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況 (1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)以及不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
詞用單數(shù)。
The cat is under the table.
貓?jiān)谧雷拥紫隆?(2)以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),如news,
works,physics,maths,gymnastics等以及書(shū)名、戲劇
名、報(bào)紙及國(guó)家名稱(chēng)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
The United Nations was founded in 1945.
聯(lián)合國(guó)成立于1945年。 (3)“a+單數(shù)名詞+or two”或“one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名
詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
A student or two has failed the exam.
一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 (4)如果主語(yǔ)由more than one...或many a...構(gòu)成,盡管從意
義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
許多船只毀于這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴。
[注意] 但是“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 More members than one are against your plan. 不止一個(gè)成員反對(duì)你的計(jì)劃。 (5)“a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 This kind of computer is made in Korea. 這種電腦產(chǎn)于韓國(guó)。 (6)表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、書(shū)名、度量衡等數(shù)詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Fifty years is not a long time. 50年并不長(zhǎng)。 The Selected Poems of LiBai was published long ago. 《李白詩(shī)選》很久之前就出版了。 (7)用and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ),指同一人或物或通常由
兩個(gè)部件配成的物品時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:a knife
and fork(一副刀叉),a cup and saucer(帶茶托的茶杯),
a coat and skirt 一套上裝和裙子,a desk and chair(一套
桌椅),a needle and thread(針線),war and peace(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
與和平),iron and steel(鋼鐵)等。
Egg and rice is her usual breakfast.
她的早點(diǎn)通常是蛋炒飯。 2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式的情況 (1)兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and或both...and...連接指兩個(gè)人或物,
作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
Both my father and my sister are famous artists.
我父親和妹妹都是著名的藝術(shù)家。 [注意] 要看前后兩個(gè)名詞前是否都有冠詞。 The poet and the singer have come. 這位詩(shī)人和這位歌唱家都來(lái)了。 The poet and singer has come. 這位詩(shī)人兼歌唱家來(lái)了。 (2)表示總稱(chēng)意義形單意復(fù)的名詞,如cattle,people,police等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The cattle are drinking water in the river. 牛正在河里喝水。 (3)一些常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常用的這類(lèi)名詞有clothes, trousers,shorts(短褲),scales,effects,goods,papers,earnings,odds,thanks,woods,shoes,scissors,gloves,glasses等。 Her clothes are of good quality. 她的衣服質(zhì)量很好。 [注意] trousers,glasses,scissors等作主語(yǔ),前面若無(wú)a suit of,a pair of,a set of,a series of等這類(lèi)詞修飾,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。若帶有這類(lèi)詞修飾,則由這類(lèi)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Her trousers are beautiful indeed. 她的褲子真的很好看。 This pair of glasses is very expensive.這副眼鏡很貴。 The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made. 這兩把剪刀都是杭州制造的。 (4)山脈、群島、瀑布等的名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。 The Niagara Falls are on the Niagara River. 尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。 (5)“the+adj.”泛指一類(lèi)人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
這類(lèi)詞有the poor,the rich,the deaf,the brave,the
dead,the old,the young,the sick,the guilty(有罪的
人),the wise,the living,the aged(老人)等。
The old are well looked after by the government.
政府對(duì)老年人照顧得很好。
The good are happy.
善者長(zhǎng)樂(lè)。 [注意] the+adj.指?jìng)€(gè)別人時(shí),要看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 The dead was about thirty years of age.死者30歲左右。 (6)以-sh,-ch,和-ese等結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)家、民族的詞與 the 連用時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)含義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類(lèi)詞有the Chinese,the English,the British,the Spanish,the Russian,the Japanese,the Welsh(威爾士人)等。 The English are a little conservative. 英國(guó)人有點(diǎn)保守。 The Chinese are hard-working. 中國(guó)人勤勞。 3)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的情況 (1)分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ) ①“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,half of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。 This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娴娜种沁|闊的海洋。 Two thirds of those tasks have been completed. 三分之二的任務(wù)已完成。 ②the rest(of...),the remaining,part(of...),one half(of...)等詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)和它們所修飾的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 Ten of you go to plant trees and the rest remain at school. 你們當(dāng)中十人去植樹(shù),其余的留在學(xué)校。 Part of his story is not true. 他的故事部分不是真實(shí)的。 Part of the teachers in our school are from Shanghai. 我們學(xué)校老師中有一部分來(lái)自上海。 (2)特殊用法
①某些集體名詞,如family,team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果作
為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果著眼于組
成該集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員或個(gè)體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
His family is a large one.
他家人口很多。
The whole family are watching TV.
全家人都在看電視。 這類(lèi)名詞有:audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team,population等。 The population in China is very large,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. 中國(guó)人口很多,且百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。 ②單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單復(fù)數(shù),這類(lèi)名詞有means,works,species等。 The glass works is near the railway station. 那家玻璃廠在火車(chē)站附近。 Some sheep are over there. 那兒有幾只羊。 ③在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 兩個(gè)窗子之間掛著一幅畫(huà)。
?、芏ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,先行詞是單數(shù),定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式;先行詞是復(fù)數(shù),定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Smiths who are now downstairs are asking to see you. 史密斯夫婦要見(jiàn)你,他們正在樓下。 The news that has been published in today's newspaper is not true.今天報(bào)紙上發(fā)布的資訊不是真的。 [注意] (1)在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one。因此,從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.這是問(wèn)過(guò)的最有趣的問(wèn)題之一。 (2)但是當(dāng)one之前有the only,the very或the等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one,而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,因此從句的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 She was the only one of the students who was late for the meeting.她是惟一開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的學(xué)生。 ⑥a number of,a group of 等修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)一般也用復(fù)數(shù),“the number of+名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 A number of students were absent yesterday. 許多學(xué)生昨天缺席。 The number of pages in this book is nine hundred. 這本書(shū)的頁(yè)數(shù)是900。