山西省陽城縣2024高考英語閱讀理解一輪優選練習（2）及答案

　　【2024高考復習】閱讀理解

　　Nowadays women appear to have a positive image of themselves as safer drivers than men.

　　In a survey done for insurer MetLife,51% of women said they drive more safely.The evidence is on their side：Men are 3.4 times more likely than women to get a ticket for careless driving and 3.1 times as likely to be punished for drunk driving.“Women are on average less aggressive and more law abiding (守法的) drivers，which leads to fewer accidents，” the report says.However，not all male drivers share the same opinion.Of the men surveyed by MetLife,39% claimed male drivers were safer.The findings did back them up on one point：automotive knowledge.The report showed that more men are familiar with current safety equipment such as electronic stability control，which helps prevent rollover accidents.

　　Auto safety unavoidably matters to Money.Insurance companies focus on what classes of drivers have the lowest dollar amounts of claims，and for now，that mainly includes women.In general，women pay about 9% less for auto insurance than men.A study by the website Insweb also showed that auto insurance rates are lower for women in most states.Among individual states，women get the greatest，advantage in Wyoming (where they pay 20% less)，South Dakota and Washington，D.C.，where their insurance costs are 16% lower.

　　“More than 11,900 male drivers died in US traffic accidents in 2009，compared with just under 4,900 women drivers” according to the study.“Based on miles traveled，men died at a rate of 2.5 deaths per 100 million miles traveled，vs.1.7 deaths for women.”

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章通過列舉一些數據說明現在女性司機似乎比男性司機開車更加安全。

　　1．According to the study，female drivers________.

　　A．are more aggressive while driving

　　B．are more interested in auto knowledge

　　C．are more likely to stick driving laws

　　D．are more familiar with safety equipment

　　解析　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Women are on average less aggressive and more law abiding (守法的) drivers.”可知，C項正確。

　　答案　C

　　2．Insurance companies focus on female driver clients probably because they________.

　　A．cause more accidents on the road

　　B．pay more money to the insurance companies

　　C．take the most part of the insurance clients

　　D．have the lowest amount of money on insurance claims

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一、二句話可知，對保險公司而言，機動車安全與錢息息相關的，越是安全的駕駛人員索賠就相應的越少，而與男性相比女性司機駕駛更為安全，所以深受保險公司的青睞。

　　答案　D

　　3．We can infer from the passage that________.

　　A．men are 3.1 times more likely to get tickets than women

　　B．all women in the USA pay the same for their auto insurance

　　C．more female drivers die every year than male drivers

　　D．women are generally safer drivers than the opposite gender

　　解析　細節理解題。根據第一段可知，女性司機相比男性司機而言駕駛更加安全，故選D。根據第二段中的“Men are 3.4 times more likely...to get a ticket...”可知，A項錯誤；根據第三段最后一句可知，B項錯誤；根據最后一段第一句可知，C項錯誤。

　　答案　D

　　4．The writer mainly develops paragraphs by________.

　　A．giving examples B．making comparisons

　　C．drawing a conclusion D．presenting an argument

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據文中第二至四段中的數據對比可知，作者將女性司機與男性司機進行比較，從而得出女性司機比男性司機更安全的結論，故選B。

　　答案　B

　　In the meanwhile，his friend，the sportsman，never let him out of

　　his sight-afraid，no doubt，that the doctor might take his departure，without saying a word to anybody．On this subject，he tried to discourage him with the most persuasive arguments，which，however，did NOT persuade Samuel Ferguson，and wasted his breath，by which the latter seemed to be but slightly moved．In fine，Dick felt that the doctor was slipping through his fingers．

　　The poor Scot was really to be pitied．He could not look upon the

　　blue sky without a wild terror: when asleep，he felt dizziness(眩暈)that made his head turn around；and every night he had visions of crashing down from immeasurable heights．

　　We must add that，during these nightmares，he once or twice fell out of bed. His first care then was to show Ferguson a severe bump(腫塊)that he had received on the fall．“And yet，”he

　　would add，with warmth，“that was at the height of only three feet一not an inch more一and such a bump as this! Only think，then!”

　　This appeal，full of sad meaning as it was，did not seem to touch the doctor's heart．Not even the shadow of a doubt was ever suggested；and Samuel made an intolerable misuse of the first person plural：“‘Our’balloon，‘our’ car ；‘our’expedition.”

　　Dick trembled at them，although he was determined not to go ; he did not want to annoy his friend．Let us also disclose the fact that，without knowing exactly why himself，he had sent to Edinburgh for a certain selection of heavy clothing，and his best hunting-tools and fire-arms．

　　68．Why did Dr．Ferguson start to learn new languages?

　　A．To keep himself occupied．

　　B．To get ready for the departure．

　　C．To show his talent in language．

　　D．To Know more about

　　balloon construction．

　　69．We Call infer from the passage that Dick ＿＿＿＿.

　　A．suffered from a disease during the nights

　　B．got hurt in a fall from the balloon in the evening

　　C．decided to take the adventure with the doctor at last

　　D．equipped himself with arms to frighten his friend

　　70．Which word best describes Dr．Ferguson’s attitude towards his balloon flight?

　　A．Excited．

　　B．Optimistic．

　　C．Worried.

　　D．Determined

　　71．What’s the writing pattern of the passage?

　　A．News．

　　B．Fiction．

　　C．Journal．

　　D．Biography．

　　【參考答案】68—71、BCDB

　　閱讀理解

　　Air pollution is damaging 60% of Europe’s prime wildlife sites in meadows, forests and bushes, according to a new report.

　　A team of EU scientists said nitrogen emissions(氮排放) from cars, factories and farming were threatening biodiversity. It’s the second report this week warning of the on-going risks and threats linked to nitrogen pollution.

　　Nitrogen in the atmosphere is harmless in its inert(惰性的) state, but the report says reactive forms of nitrogen, largely produced by human activity, can be a menace to the natural world.

　　Emissions mostly come from vehicle exhausts(排氣), factories, artificial fertilizers(肥料) and animal waste from intensive farming. The reactive nitrogen they emit to the air disrupts the environment in two ways: It can make acidic soils too acidic to support their previous mix of species. But primarily, because nitrogen is a fertilizer, it favors wild plants that can maximize the use of nitrogen to help them grow.

　　In effect, some of the nitrogen spread to fertilize crops is carried in the atmosphere to fertilize weeds, possibly a great distance from where the chemicals were first applied.

　　The effects of fertilization and acidification favor common aggressive species like grasses, brambles and nettles. They harm more delicate species like mosses(苔蘚), and insect-eating sundew plants.

　　The report said 60% of wildlife sites were now receiving a critical load of reactive nitrogen. The report’s lead author, Dr Kevin Hicks from the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), told BBC News that England’s Peak District had a definitely low range of species as a result of the reactive nitrogen that fell on the area.

　　“Nitrogen creates a rather big problem that seems to me to have been given too little attention,” he said. “Governments are responsible for protecting areas like this, but they are clearly failing.”

　　He said more research was needed to understand the knock-on effects for creatures from the changes in vegetation accidentally caused by emissions from cars, industry and farms.

　　At the conference, the representatives agreed “The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen”. The document highlights the importance of reducing reactive nitrogen emissions to the environment, adding that the benefits of reducing nitrogen outweigh the costs of taking action.

　　5. The underlined word “menace” is used to express that the reactive nitrogen, largely produced by human activity can be ___________.

　　A. frightening

　　B. threatening

　　C. unique

　　D. unusual

　　6. We can infer from the passage that _________.

　　it’s harmless to have reactive nitrogen existing in the atmosphere

　　reactive nitrogen emissions help aggressive species less than crops

　　the harm to those delicate species has a negative impact on biodiversity

　　reactive nitrogen can fertilize soils and keep their biodiversity

　　7. The team of EU scientists released the second report of nitrogen emissions this week when __________.

　　no action was taken to stop nitrogen emission

　　governments were willing to protect areas harmed by nitrogen

　　“The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen” was agreed

　　nitrogen emissions were threatening wildlife sites’ biodiversity

　　8. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Keeping Away From Nitrogen Emissions

　　B. Stopping Nitrogen Emissions

　　C. Air Pollution Damaging Europe’s Wildlife

　　D. Saving Europe’s Wildlife

　　【參考答案】5、B

　　6—8、CDC

　　閱讀理解--------C

　　9. Whose entry will be accepted by The New Yorker?

　　Richard, a post-graduate from Quebec, Canada, who sent his design on Dec.20.

　　Amy, a 28-year-old Asian-American teacher, who sent her design on Jan. 20.

　　Jessie, a 16-year-old student from New York, who sent her design on Dec. 29.

　　John, a 68-year-old retired engineer from San Francisco, who sent his design on Jan. 10.

　　10. Which of the following is NOT true about James Surowiecki?

　　James Surowiecki is the author of The Financial Page column.

　　James Surowiecki usually has discussions with people from different fields.

　　James Surowiecki speaks with a chairman about issues of medicine this month.

　　Visiting newyorker.com/go/vasella, you can watch the conversation of this month between James and an economist.

　　11. ___________ can be provided by The Big Apple Circus Care program for sick children.

　　A. Excellent treatment and care

　　B. Trained professional doctors and nurses

　　C. Unique methods to relieve stress

　　D. Special pediatric facilities

　　12. Which of the following can be used by the Big Apple Circus Clown Care program to promote itself?

　　A.

　　We help all children live happy lives.

　　B.

　　Our doctors jump through rings to cure the blues.

　　C.

　　Every life deserves world class care.

　　D.

　　Work together for a healthier world.

　　【參考答案】9—10、DD

　　11—12、CB

　　【2024高考復習】閱讀理解

　　In white shirt，blue pants，black cloth shoes and two

　　pigtails(辮子)，Jingqiu gives off an air of great“pure

　　beauty”in Zhang Yimou's new movie Under the Hawthorn

　　Tree.

　　The film tells the story of the sad romance of Jingqiu

　　and a handsome young man named Laosan.Set at the

　　end of the“cultural revolution”(1966～1976)，the pair managed to fall in love although they came from different political environments.

　　Before it was released，moviegoers speculated(推測)on just what this“pure beauty”could be.Director Zhang complained of how long it had taken him to find the right girl for the part of Jingqiu—a character so innocent that she believed simply lying on the same bed with a man would make her pregnant.

　　It was 18-year-old Zhou Dongyu who stood out from the crowd.According to Zhang，Zhou had“eyes that are clear like a fountain on a mountainside”．Born of an ordinary worker's family，the Shijiazhuang girl was in her final year of high school and working hard for a place in an art college.

　　While some teenagers consider such“pure beauty”illusory(虛幻的)，others believe that it speaks of something soulful.

　　Purity is all about the innocence that shines through from within，thinks 16-year-old Tan Mengxi of Nanjing.

　　“Being pure can be simple，not having complicated thoughts and being inexperienced.However，it doesn't mean an ignorant or naive(天真的)person.So，a person is pure in his or her nature if he or she is always enthusiastic and able to deal with difficult matters independently.This purity doesn't pass with time，”she said.

　　【語篇解讀】 本文介紹了電影《山楂樹之戀》引發的“純美”大討論。

　　1．What image does Jingqiu give to audiences in the movie Under the Hawthorn Tree?

　　A．A simple girl

　　B．A pure girl

　　C．A romantic girl

　　D．A silent girl

　　解析　細節理解題。根據第一段“Jingiu gives off an air of great ‘pure beauty’ in Zhang Yimou's new movie Under the Hawthorn Tree.”可知。

　　答案　B

　　2．What kind of girl looks pure according to the passage?

　　A．A girl in white shirt，blue pants，black cloth shoes and two pigtails.

　　B．A girl has eyes that are clear like a fountain on a mountainside.

　　C．A girl who was born into an ordinary worker's family.

　　D．A girl wears accessories and make-up.

　　解析　細節理解題。第三段中講到導演張藝謀抱怨很難找到這么純的女孩，第四段中說周冬雨脫穎而出，從張對周冬雨的描述可知B答案正確。

　　答案　B

　　3．What's the opinion of Tan Mengxi about purity?

　　A．It is of whether someone is ignorant or naive.

　　B．Being pure can be simple，not having complicated thoughts and being inexperienced.

　　C．It is of whether someone is always enthusiastic.

　　D．Purity is a matter of internal quality and doesn't pass with time.

　　解析　推理判斷題。從最后兩段可知此答案，A、B、C是這種內在品質的外在表現。核心內容是“purity is all about the innocence that shines through from within”以及“This purity doesn't pass with time.”故選D項。

　　答案　D

　　4．Which do you think is the best title for the passage?

　　A．What makes a pure girl?

　　B．A debate on the movie Under the Hawthorn Tree