高中英語語法-倒裝句的用法
倒裝句的用法
在英語中,我們把主語在前謂語動詞在后的句子叫陳述句,把謂語動詞放在主語前面的句子叫倒裝句。如果全部謂語放在主語之前,叫完全倒裝;如果只把助動詞或情態動詞放在主語之前就叫部分倒裝。
I. 完全倒裝
1. 用于 there be 句型。
例如: There are some students in the classroom.
教室里有幾位學生。
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.
教室的前面有一棵大樹。
2. 用于 here ( there, now, then )+不及物動詞+主語的句型中,或以 in, out, up, down, away 等副詞開頭的句子里,以表示強調。
例如: Here comes the bus. 汽車來了。
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
Now comes your turn. 現在輪到你了。
Out went the children. 孩子們出去了。
注意:
?。?1 )主語是代詞時,主語和謂語不倒裝。
?。?2 ) here , there 放在句首通常用一般現在時。
Here it is. 給你。(你要的東西在這兒。)
Here he comes. 他來了。
3. 當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時,也常將其全部倒裝。
例如: South of the city lies a big steel factory.
城市南邊有一家大型鋼廠。
From the valley came a frightening sound.
從山谷里傳來了可怕的聲音。
4. 表語置于句首時,倒裝結構為表語+連系動詞+主語:
( 1 )形容詞+連系動詞+主語
Present at the meeting were Mr Li, Mr Wang and many other teachers.
出席會議的有李老師、王老師和其他很多老師。
?。?2 )過去分詞+連系動詞+主語
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
我們使用洋油的日子一去不復返了。
?。?3 )介詞短語+ be +主語
Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.
在所有的貨物中有書、練習冊、鋼筆和其他東西。
5. 用于 so, neither , nor 開頭的句子,表示重復前句的部分內容。原句的謂語應與前句的謂語的時態、形式相一致。
例如: He has been to Canada. So have I.
他去過加拿大,我也去過。
You can't speak French. Neither can she.
你不會說法語,她也不會。
6. 為了保持句子平衡,或為了強調表語或狀語,或是上下文緊密銜接時。
例如: They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river.
他們來到一個小村莊,村莊前面是條大河。
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.
在金字塔里面有埋葬國王和王后的墓室。
II. 部分倒裝
1. 用于疑問句。
例如: Do they work in the factory?
他們在這家工廠上班嗎?
2. 用于省略的虛擬條件狀語從句。
例如: Had I seen him yesterday wouldn't go to his house now.
如果我昨天見到他了,我現在就不去他家了。
3. 用于形容詞(或名詞、動詞) +as ( though )引導的讓步狀語從句中。例如: Young as he is , he knows a lot.
他雖然很年輕,但知道很多。
Try as he would, he might failed again.
他雖然可以試試,可能還會失敗。
注意:如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前無形容詞時,不用冠詞;若有形容詞要用冠詞。
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
他雖是個孩子,但得糊口。
A bad -tempered man as Mr Chen is, he loves us deeply.
陳老師脾氣不好,但他深深地愛著我們。
4. 用于 no sooner than , hardly when 和 not until 等句型。
例如: No sooner had I come in, the telephone rang.
我剛進屋,電話鈴就響了。
Not until 12 did he go to sleep.
直到 12 點他才入睡。
5. 用于 never, hardly , seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time, not only 等開頭的句子。
Never shall I do this again. 我絕不會再做此事。
Seldom does he come late. 他很少遲到。
6. 用于 only +狀語開頭的句子。
Only in the way can we learn English well.
只有這樣我們才能學好英語。
Only then did he know he was wrong.
直到那時他才知道他錯了。
7. 用于 so +形容詞 / 副詞放在句首的 so that 句子。
例如: So young is the boy that he can't join the army.
這孩子沒到參軍的年齡。
So fast is he running that he can keep up with the bike.
他跑得快得能跟上自行車。
倒裝句的用法
在英語中,我們把主語在前謂語動詞在后的句子叫陳述句,把謂語動詞放在主語前面的句子叫倒裝句。如果全部謂語放在主語之前,叫完全倒裝;如果只把助動詞或情態動詞放在主語之前就叫部分倒裝。
I. 完全倒裝
1. 用于 there be 句型。
例如: There are some students in the classroom.
教室里有幾位學生。
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.
教室的前面有一棵大樹。
2. 用于 here ( there, now, then )+不及物動詞+主語的句型中,或以 in, out, up, down, away 等副詞開頭的句子里,以表示強調。
例如: Here comes the bus. 汽車來了。
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
Now comes your turn. 現在輪到你了。
Out went the children. 孩子們出去了。
注意:
?。?1 )主語是代詞時,主語和謂語不倒裝。
?。?2 ) here , there 放在句首通常用一般現在時。
Here it is. 給你。(你要的東西在這兒。)
Here he comes. 他來了。
3. 當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時,也常將其全部倒裝。
例如: South of the city lies a big steel factory.
城市南邊有一家大型鋼廠。
From the valley came a frightening sound.
從山谷里傳來了可怕的聲音。
4. 表語置于句首時,倒裝結構為表語+連系動詞+主語:
( 1 )形容詞+連系動詞+主語
Present at the meeting were Mr Li, Mr Wang and many other teachers.
出席會議的有李老師、王老師和其他很多老師。
?。?2 )過去分詞+連系動詞+主語
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
我們使用洋油的日子一去不復返了。
?。?3 )介詞短語+ be +主語
Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.
在所有的貨物中有書、練習冊、鋼筆和其他東西。
5. 用于 so, neither , nor 開頭的句子,表示重復前句的部分內容。原句的謂語應與前句的謂語的時態、形式相一致。
例如: He has been to Canada. So have I.
他去過加拿大,我也去過。
You can't speak French. Neither can she.
你不會說法語,她也不會。
6. 為了保持句子平衡,或為了強調表語或狀語,或是上下文緊密銜接時。
例如: They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river.
他們來到一個小村莊,村莊前面是條大河。
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.
在金字塔里面有埋葬國王和王后的墓室。
II. 部分倒裝
1. 用于疑問句。
例如: Do they work in the factory?
他們在這家工廠上班嗎?
2. 用于省略的虛擬條件狀語從句。
例如: Had I seen him yesterday wouldn't go to his house now.
如果我昨天見到他了,我現在就不去他家了。
3. 用于形容詞(或名詞、動詞) +as ( though )引導的讓步狀語從句中。例如: Young as he is , he knows a lot.
他雖然很年輕,但知道很多。
Try as he would, he might failed again.
他雖然可以試試,可能還會失敗。
注意:如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前無形容詞時,不用冠詞;若有形容詞要用冠詞。
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
他雖是個孩子,但得糊口。
A bad -tempered man as Mr Chen is, he loves us deeply.
陳老師脾氣不好,但他深深地愛著我們。
4. 用于 no sooner than , hardly when 和 not until 等句型。
例如: No sooner had I come in, the telephone rang.
我剛進屋,電話鈴就響了。
Not until 12 did he go to sleep.
直到 12 點他才入睡。
5. 用于 never, hardly , seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time, not only 等開頭的句子。
Never shall I do this again. 我絕不會再做此事。
Seldom does he come late. 他很少遲到。
6. 用于 only +狀語開頭的句子。
Only in the way can we learn English well.
只有這樣我們才能學好英語。
Only then did he know he was wrong.
直到那時他才知道他錯了。
7. 用于 so +形容詞 / 副詞放在句首的 so that 句子。
例如: So young is the boy that he can't join the army.
這孩子沒到參軍的年齡。
So fast is he running that he can keep up with the bike.
他跑得快得能跟上自行車。