一些中學英語易混結構分析(三)

　　16. Had I known her well , I would have invited her to the party .

　　當你看到would have invited 可以猜疑是虛擬語氣結構，had I known her well 部分表示條件，屬于虛擬語氣條件從句省掉if 的情況，相當于if had I known her well ,省掉if 時，句子應倒裝，省掉if 共有三種情況，當謂語動詞是 (1)were ;（2）should do ;(3) had done 。應注意與一般疑問句Had I finished the work before he came back ?的區別。

　　17 . _________ was lying .

　　A. Whoever told you that B. No matter who told you that

　　Whoever 引導名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句，no matter who 引導讓步狀語從句， 不能引導名詞性從句，橫線處是名詞從句的位置，不是狀語從句的位置，辨認狀語從句應當看逗號，逗號后有句子主語。例如：No matter who told you that , he was lying .此句中的no matter who 可以用whoever 代替。Whoever told you that , he was lying .

　　18 ________ shall finish the work before May Day is possible.

　　A. We B. That we

　　此題往往在結構上搞錯，認為意思上完整，不缺少含有意思的引導詞，句意為：五一節前完成工作是可能的。選擇了A。 其實，We shall finish the work before May Day is possible. 句子結構是錯誤的，May Day 之前是一個從句，應當有一個引導詞, that 沒有詞義，僅起引導從句的作用。本題的答案應當是B。

　　19. Id rather you ______ something about it for the time being .

　　A. did B. to do

　　此句是結構問題，如果填did，把you did something 看成從句，如果填to do ，則把you 看成了賓格形式，前者正確，后者錯誤。Would rather 是一個助動詞，不可能有賓語復合結構。此題只能選擇A。would rather (that) + 從句 （從句中謂語動詞用過去時）

　　意思為：寧愿某人做某事。

　　20.Is _________ that flows through that town ?

　　A. this river B. this the river

　　此題正確答案為B。如果選A，句子結構錯誤。此句是疑問句，把它變成陳述句結構就清楚了，This river is that flows through that town. (無句意)，試比較：This is the river that flows through that town. (這是一條流經那座城鎮的河。)

　　21. As is known to all, the problem of pollution is serious.

　　It is known to all that the problem of pollution is serious .

　　前一句是定語從句，后一句是含有主語從句的主從復合句，往往學生搞錯這兩個結構，以問題形式出現，學生就會暴露出問題。

　　_________ known to everyone , the earth is round .

　　A. It is B. As C. As is D. As it is

　　正確答案是C。

　　22. I need a book , one which is cheap but useful.

　　I need a book , which is cheap but useful .

　　前一句是簡單句， one 作 book 的同位語；后一句是含有定語從句的主從復合句，先行詞是book 。

　　一些中學英語易混結構分析(三)

　　16. Had I known her well , I would have invited her to the party .

　　當你看到would have invited 可以猜疑是虛擬語氣結構，had I known her well 部分表示條件，屬于虛擬語氣條件從句省掉if 的情況，相當于if had I known her well ,省掉if 時，句子應倒裝，省掉if 共有三種情況，當謂語動詞是 (1)were ;（2）should do ;(3) had done 。應注意與一般疑問句Had I finished the work before he came back ?的區別。

　　17 . _________ was lying .

　　A. Whoever told you that B. No matter who told you that

　　Whoever 引導名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句，no matter who 引導讓步狀語從句， 不能引導名詞性從句，橫線處是名詞從句的位置，不是狀語從句的位置，辨認狀語從句應當看逗號，逗號后有句子主語。例如：No matter who told you that , he was lying .此句中的no matter who 可以用whoever 代替。Whoever told you that , he was lying .

　　18 ________ shall finish the work before May Day is possible.

　　A. We B. That we

　　此題往往在結構上搞錯，認為意思上完整，不缺少含有意思的引導詞，句意為：五一節前完成工作是可能的。選擇了A。 其實，We shall finish the work before May Day is possible. 句子結構是錯誤的，May Day 之前是一個從句，應當有一個引導詞, that 沒有詞義，僅起引導從句的作用。本題的答案應當是B。

　　19. Id rather you ______ something about it for the time being .

　　A. did B. to do

　　此句是結構問題，如果填did，把you did something 看成從句，如果填to do ，則把you 看成了賓格形式，前者正確，后者錯誤。Would rather 是一個助動詞，不可能有賓語復合結構。此題只能選擇A。would rather (that) + 從句 （從句中謂語動詞用過去時）

　　意思為：寧愿某人做某事。

　　20.Is _________ that flows through that town ?

　　A. this river B. this the river

　　此題正確答案為B。如果選A，句子結構錯誤。此句是疑問句，把它變成陳述句結構就清楚了，This river is that flows through that town. (無句意)，試比較：This is the river that flows through that town. (這是一條流經那座城鎮的河。)

　　21. As is known to all, the problem of pollution is serious.

　　It is known to all that the problem of pollution is serious .

　　前一句是定語從句，后一句是含有主語從句的主從復合句，往往學生搞錯這兩個結構，以問題形式出現，學生就會暴露出問題。

　　_________ known to everyone , the earth is round .

　　A. It is B. As C. As is D. As it is

　　正確答案是C。

　　22. I need a book , one which is cheap but useful.

　　I need a book , which is cheap but useful .

　　前一句是簡單句， one 作 book 的同位語；后一句是含有定語從句的主從復合句，先行詞是book 。