英語語法經(jīng)典例題800例:動(dòng)詞用法與辨析(例題2)
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼,因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。自學(xué)庫英語網(wǎng)為大家整理了英語語法大全,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在自學(xué)庫英語網(wǎng)。
11. There are many kinds _____, but I dont know which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
【陷阱】此題容易誤選C。
【分析】其實(shí)應(yīng)選B。choose 表示選擇,其實(shí)是指選擇出來(pick out),而不是指從選擇,要表示后者的意思,要用 choose from,有時(shí)也用 choose among。同樣地,下面兩例中的介詞 from 也不可省略:
Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 這些詞典可供你選擇。
In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事實(shí)上,有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。
比較:
He chose a red one. 他選了一個(gè)紅色的。
He chose from some red ones. 他從一些紅色的當(dāng)中去選。
He didnt know which to choose. 他不知道選哪個(gè)。
He didnt know which to choose from. 他不知道從哪個(gè)當(dāng)中去選。
請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案選D):
(1) We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you? Well, not yet. We have few ______, Id say.
A. chosen B. to choose
C. to be chosen D. to choose from
(2) Id like to buy an expensive camera. Well, we have several models ______.
A. to pick up B. to pick
C. to choose D. to choose from
12. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldnt listen.
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade
C. have persuaded D. was persuaded
【陷阱】容易誤選A。
【分析】正確答案為B。persuade 的真正意思是說服,而不是設(shè)法說服,要表示后者的意思英語應(yīng)用 try to persuade (當(dāng)然也可用其他詞,如 advise 等)。類似地:
(1) kill 的意思是殺死,不表示設(shè)法殺死,要表示后者的意思英語用 try to kill。
(2) prevent 的意思是阻止,不表示設(shè)法阻止,要表示后者的意思英語用 try to prevent。
13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.
A. lay; laid B. laid; laid
C. lay; lain D. lying; lain
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選A。第一空填lay,它是lie(位于,在)的過去式 lay;第二空 laid,它是 lay(放,置)的過去分詞,句意為她發(fā)現(xiàn)所有東西還在她當(dāng)時(shí)放它們的地方。請(qǐng)注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及詞形變換:
(1) lay 有兩個(gè)常見意思:一是表示放、擺(及物),二是表示下(蛋)(及物或不及物)。如:
Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。
Are your hens laying yet? 你的母雞下蛋了嗎?
Will you please lay the table for dinner? 請(qǐng)你擺好餐具準(zhǔn)備吃飯好嗎?
(2) lie 有三個(gè)主要意思:一是表示躺或平放,二是表示位于,三是表示說謊。用于以上三義時(shí),均為不及物動(dòng)詞。如:
Dont lie in bed all morning. 別一個(gè)上午都躺在床上。
The book lay open on the desk. 那本書攤開著放在桌上。
Dont lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。
The small town lies among the mountains. 小鎮(zhèn)位于群山之中。
Im sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了謊。
(3) 這兩個(gè)詞經(jīng)常被混淆的有時(shí)不是其意思,而是其詞形。注意下表所示:
意思
現(xiàn)在分詞
過去式
過去分詞
lie
躺,平放,位于(vi.)
lying
lay
lain
lie
說謊(vi.)
lying
lied
lied
lay
放(vt.),下蛋(vi.vt.)
laying
laid
laid
請(qǐng)做下題(答案均為B):
(1) The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they arent _____.
A. lay, lying B. laid, laying
C. lay, laying D. lied, lying
(2) The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.
A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid
C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain
14. He _____ a visit to the factory and was warmly _____ by the workers there.
A. took, welcome B. took, welcomed
C. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。因?yàn)樵S多同學(xué)會(huì)模仿 come came come 的變化形式,想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為 welcome的變化形式是 welcome welcame welcome。
【分析】此題第一空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞 paid,因?yàn)?pay a visit to(拜訪)是慣用搭配,其中的 pay 不能換成take。第二空要填welcomed,因?yàn)閣elcome 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),其過去式和過去分詞均為 welcomed,即它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。有的同學(xué)也許會(huì)問,我們不是常說 You are welcome 嗎? 為什么其中的 welcome 未用 welcomed 呢?那是因?yàn)榇颂幍?welcome 為形容詞,而不是動(dòng)詞。
15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted ______.
A. good B. well
C. to be good D. to be well
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】按英語語法,連系動(dòng)詞后通常接形容詞作表語,而不接副詞,據(jù)此可以排除選項(xiàng)B和D。但到底是應(yīng)選A還是C呢?許多同學(xué)憑感覺認(rèn)為 taste to be good 似乎很通順,于是選了C。但是,錯(cuò)了,正確答案應(yīng)是A。原因是用作連系動(dòng)詞的 taste 后習(xí)慣上不接to be。如:
這棵樹上的蘋果味道很好。
正:The apples from this tree taste delicious.
誤:The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.
類似地,feel, smell, sound 等連系動(dòng)詞后習(xí)慣上也不接不定式 to be。如:
你的想法聽起來很好。
正:Your idea sounds a good one.
誤:Your idea sounds to be a good one.
玫瑰發(fā)出香氣。
正:Roses smell sweet.
誤:Roses smell to be sweet.
比較:seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等連系動(dòng)詞后可以接不定式 to be,也可省略 to be。如:
She seems (to be) a little tired. 她似乎有點(diǎn)累。
He appears (to be) quite young. 他顯得年輕。
The examination turned out (to be) quite easy. 結(jié)果考試相當(dāng)容易。
The weather continued (to be ) fine. 天氣仍然很好。
注:用作連系動(dòng)詞的 look 后能否接 to be,各語法家意見不一:有的認(rèn)為可接to be,有的認(rèn)為不能接 to be。為此,建議同學(xué)們以不接 to be 為宜。
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼,因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。自學(xué)庫英語網(wǎng)為大家整理了英語語法大全,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在自學(xué)庫英語網(wǎng)。
11. There are many kinds _____, but I dont know which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
【陷阱】此題容易誤選C。
【分析】其實(shí)應(yīng)選B。choose 表示選擇,其實(shí)是指選擇出來(pick out),而不是指從選擇,要表示后者的意思,要用 choose from,有時(shí)也用 choose among。同樣地,下面兩例中的介詞 from 也不可省略:
Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 這些詞典可供你選擇。
In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事實(shí)上,有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。
比較:
He chose a red one. 他選了一個(gè)紅色的。
He chose from some red ones. 他從一些紅色的當(dāng)中去選。
He didnt know which to choose. 他不知道選哪個(gè)。
He didnt know which to choose from. 他不知道從哪個(gè)當(dāng)中去選。
請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案選D):
(1) We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you? Well, not yet. We have few ______, Id say.
A. chosen B. to choose
C. to be chosen D. to choose from
(2) Id like to buy an expensive camera. Well, we have several models ______.
A. to pick up B. to pick
C. to choose D. to choose from
12. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldnt listen.
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade
C. have persuaded D. was persuaded
【陷阱】容易誤選A。
【分析】正確答案為B。persuade 的真正意思是說服,而不是設(shè)法說服,要表示后者的意思英語應(yīng)用 try to persuade (當(dāng)然也可用其他詞,如 advise 等)。類似地:
(1) kill 的意思是殺死,不表示設(shè)法殺死,要表示后者的意思英語用 try to kill。
(2) prevent 的意思是阻止,不表示設(shè)法阻止,要表示后者的意思英語用 try to prevent。
13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.
A. lay; laid B. laid; laid
C. lay; lain D. lying; lain
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選A。第一空填lay,它是lie(位于,在)的過去式 lay;第二空 laid,它是 lay(放,置)的過去分詞,句意為她發(fā)現(xiàn)所有東西還在她當(dāng)時(shí)放它們的地方。請(qǐng)注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及詞形變換:
(1) lay 有兩個(gè)常見意思:一是表示放、擺(及物),二是表示下(蛋)(及物或不及物)。如:
Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。
Are your hens laying yet? 你的母雞下蛋了嗎?
Will you please lay the table for dinner? 請(qǐng)你擺好餐具準(zhǔn)備吃飯好嗎?
(2) lie 有三個(gè)主要意思:一是表示躺或平放,二是表示位于,三是表示說謊。用于以上三義時(shí),均為不及物動(dòng)詞。如:
Dont lie in bed all morning. 別一個(gè)上午都躺在床上。
The book lay open on the desk. 那本書攤開著放在桌上。
Dont lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。
The small town lies among the mountains. 小鎮(zhèn)位于群山之中。
Im sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了謊。
(3) 這兩個(gè)詞經(jīng)常被混淆的有時(shí)不是其意思,而是其詞形。注意下表所示:
意思
現(xiàn)在分詞
過去式
過去分詞
lie
躺,平放,位于(vi.)
lying
lay
lain
lie
說謊(vi.)
lying
lied
lied
lay
放(vt.),下蛋(vi.vt.)
laying
laid
laid
請(qǐng)做下題(答案均為B):
(1) The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they arent _____.
A. lay, lying B. laid, laying
C. lay, laying D. lied, lying
(2) The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.
A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid
C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain
14. He _____ a visit to the factory and was warmly _____ by the workers there.
A. took, welcome B. took, welcomed
C. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。因?yàn)樵S多同學(xué)會(huì)模仿 come came come 的變化形式,想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為 welcome的變化形式是 welcome welcame welcome。
【分析】此題第一空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞 paid,因?yàn)?pay a visit to(拜訪)是慣用搭配,其中的 pay 不能換成take。第二空要填welcomed,因?yàn)閣elcome 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),其過去式和過去分詞均為 welcomed,即它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。有的同學(xué)也許會(huì)問,我們不是常說 You are welcome 嗎? 為什么其中的 welcome 未用 welcomed 呢?那是因?yàn)榇颂幍?welcome 為形容詞,而不是動(dòng)詞。
15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted ______.
A. good B. well
C. to be good D. to be well
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】按英語語法,連系動(dòng)詞后通常接形容詞作表語,而不接副詞,據(jù)此可以排除選項(xiàng)B和D。但到底是應(yīng)選A還是C呢?許多同學(xué)憑感覺認(rèn)為 taste to be good 似乎很通順,于是選了C。但是,錯(cuò)了,正確答案應(yīng)是A。原因是用作連系動(dòng)詞的 taste 后習(xí)慣上不接to be。如:
這棵樹上的蘋果味道很好。
正:The apples from this tree taste delicious.
誤:The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.
類似地,feel, smell, sound 等連系動(dòng)詞后習(xí)慣上也不接不定式 to be。如:
你的想法聽起來很好。
正:Your idea sounds a good one.
誤:Your idea sounds to be a good one.
玫瑰發(fā)出香氣。
正:Roses smell sweet.
誤:Roses smell to be sweet.
比較:seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等連系動(dòng)詞后可以接不定式 to be,也可省略 to be。如:
She seems (to be) a little tired. 她似乎有點(diǎn)累。
He appears (to be) quite young. 他顯得年輕。
The examination turned out (to be) quite easy. 結(jié)果考試相當(dāng)容易。
The weather continued (to be ) fine. 天氣仍然很好。
注:用作連系動(dòng)詞的 look 后能否接 to be,各語法家意見不一:有的認(rèn)為可接to be,有的認(rèn)為不能接 to be。為此,建議同學(xué)們以不接 to be 為宜。