英語語法定語從句知識點：高考英語定語從句的主要考點
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。自學庫英語網為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在自學庫英語網。
考點一 考查關系代詞whose引導的定語從句
1. A person ________ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. (天津卷)
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
【解析】C。在所給的四個關系代詞中，只有whose能用于名詞用作定語，故選C。又如：A bookseller is a person whose job is selling books. 書商就是其職業是賣書的人。
2. Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (安徽卷)
A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom
【解析】B。their是物主代詞，不是關系代詞，不能引導定語從句，所以不能選;在其余三個選項中，只有whose能用于名詞用作定語，故選B。句意為：許多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了，他們在家鄉被照顧得很好。
3. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (湖南卷)
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
【解析】D。在所給定的四個關系代詞中，只有which和whose能用于名詞用作定語，故可排除B和C。而關系代詞which和whose用于名詞前作定語的區別是：which具有that或this的語義特征，而whose則具有ones的語義特征。
考點二 考查關系代詞which引導的定語從句
1. Theyve won their last three matches, ________ I find a bit surprising. (遼寧卷)
A. that B. when C. what D. which
【解析】D。that不用于引導非限制性定語從句，故被排除;when可引導非限制性定語從句，但只用于指時間，與句意不符，故也被排除;而what不是關系代詞，不能用于引導定語從句，故也被排除;which在此引導非限制性定語從句，并在定語從句中充當動詞find的賓語。句意為：他們贏了最后三場比賽，我發現這有點令人吃驚。
2. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him. (全國Ⅱ)
A. which B. that C. where D. it
【解析】A。由于兩個句子之間沒有并列連詞，所以不能選B或D;而where是關系副詞，不能用作主語;which在此引導非限制性定語從句，并在從句中用作主語。又如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快，這是很危險的。
3. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山東卷)
A. who B. which C. when D. that
【解析】B。that不能用于引導非限制性定語從句，故可排除;when是關系副詞，不用作主語，故也可排除;who用于指人，但這里的定語從句不是修飾her，而是修飾whenever I met her，故不能用who，此處應用which。又如：He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他說他從沒見到過她，這是不真實的。
考點三 查關系副詞where引導的定語從句
1. Mozarts birthplace and the house ________ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now. (上海卷)
A. where B. when C. there D. which
【解析】A。由于定語從句he composed The Magic Flute的主語和賓語是完整的，所以不能選D;when指時間，不用于修飾表地點的先行詞the house，故也不能選;而there不是關系詞，不能引導定語從句。
2. Its helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently. (福建卷)
A. that B. when C. which D. where
【解析】D。由于定語從句they can see themselves differently的主語和賓語是完整的，所以不能選A和C;when指時間，不用于修飾表地點的先行詞a situation，故也不能選。
3. Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (重慶卷)
A. why B. what C. that D. where
【解析】D。由于定語從句we compete with others to go beyond ourselves的句子結構是完整的，不缺主語或賓語，所以不能選C;why引導定語從句，其先行詞只能是the reason，而不用于其他場合，故不能選;what不是關系詞，不能用于引導定語從句，故也可排除;where在此引導定語從句，修飾名詞race，相當于in which。句意為：人生就像一場長途賽跑，在賽跑中我們為了超越自我而與別人競爭。
4. I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (浙江卷)
A. which B. where C. how D. why
【解析】B。定語從句修飾的先行詞是a point，不是my life。point在此相當于一個抽象的地點，所以要用關系副詞where來引導定語從句。又如：We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我們到了必須改一改的地步。She had got to the point where she felt that she could not take any more. 她到了她覺得自己再也不能忍受的地步。
5. What do you think of teaching, Bob?
I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting. (北京卷)
A. where B. which C. when D. that
【解析】A。由于定語從句you are doing something serious but interesting是一個結構完整的句子，不缺主語或賓語，所以不能選關系代詞which或that，故可排除B和D;而關系副詞when只用于修飾表示時間的名詞，故也可排除;where在此相當于in which，引導定語從句，并在定語從句中用作地點狀語。又如：I dont want a job where Im chained to a desk for eight hours a day. 我不想要一份一天8小時都得守在辦公桌前的工作。
考點四 查關系副詞when引導的定語從句
1. Shell never forget her stay there, ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (四川卷)
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【解析】D。that不用于引導非限制性定語從句，故被排除;which引導定語從句必須在定語從句中充當主語或賓語，與本題的句子結構不符，故也被排除;where引導定語從句時，其前先行詞只能是表示地點的名詞，而本題的先行詞her stay there(她待在那兒期間)不是表地點，而是表時間，故C也可排除;關系副詞when在此引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞her stay。句意為：她永遠不會忘記她待在那兒的那段時間，在此其間她找到了她兩年前失蹤的孩子。
2. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (江蘇卷)
A. if B. when C. which D. since
【解析】B。when在此用于引導定語從句，修飾名詞days。此題的難點是先行詞days與關系副詞when之間被are gone，容易誤解句子結構。句意為：由于金融危機，當地五星級賓館每晚收費6,000元的日子已經過去了。
考點五 考查介詞+關系代詞結構
1. Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time. (陜西卷)
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
【解析】C。當一個定語從句由介詞+which引導時，其中介詞的確定方法就是要找到與之構成搭配的動詞、名詞、形容詞等。在本題中，根據句意，句子所涉及的搭配是argue about a subject(爭論某個話題)，所以答案只能選C。又如：I called him by the wrong name for which mistake I apologize. 我叫錯了他的名字，為了這個錯誤我愿道歉。
2. She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before. (全國I)
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
【解析】C。由于兩個句子之間沒有并列連詞，所以不能選A或D;又因為是用于介詞of之后作賓語，所以要用賓格whom，不用who。句意為：她帶來了三個朋友，我以前一個也沒有見過。
考點六 定語從句考查新角度
The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (江西卷)
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
【解析】B。這道題的本質是考查定語從句的用法，但其命題的角度比較特別，它既不考查先行詞，也不考查關系代詞或關系副詞，而是結合介詞的搭配考查關系代詞的省略。句中定語從句I grew up用于修飾名詞the house，由于其前沒有引導詞，所以可認為被省略了。而根據英語語法，可以省略的定語從句引導詞只可能是用作賓語的關系代詞that或which，這樣一來，就必須要求空格處填一個能帶賓語的詞，顯然只有介詞in。
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。自學庫英語網為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在自學庫英語網。
考點一 考查關系代詞whose引導的定語從句
1. A person ________ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. (天津卷)
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
【解析】C。在所給的四個關系代詞中，只有whose能用于名詞用作定語，故選C。又如：A bookseller is a person whose job is selling books. 書商就是其職業是賣書的人。
2. Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (安徽卷)
A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom
【解析】B。their是物主代詞，不是關系代詞，不能引導定語從句，所以不能選;在其余三個選項中，只有whose能用于名詞用作定語，故選B。句意為：許多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了，他們在家鄉被照顧得很好。
3. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (湖南卷)
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
【解析】D。在所給定的四個關系代詞中，只有which和whose能用于名詞用作定語，故可排除B和C。而關系代詞which和whose用于名詞前作定語的區別是：which具有that或this的語義特征，而whose則具有ones的語義特征。
考點二 考查關系代詞which引導的定語從句
1. Theyve won their last three matches, ________ I find a bit surprising. (遼寧卷)
A. that B. when C. what D. which
【解析】D。that不用于引導非限制性定語從句，故被排除;when可引導非限制性定語從句，但只用于指時間，與句意不符，故也被排除;而what不是關系代詞，不能用于引導定語從句，故也被排除;which在此引導非限制性定語從句，并在定語從句中充當動詞find的賓語。句意為：他們贏了最后三場比賽，我發現這有點令人吃驚。
2. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him. (全國Ⅱ)
A. which B. that C. where D. it
【解析】A。由于兩個句子之間沒有并列連詞，所以不能選B或D;而where是關系副詞，不能用作主語;which在此引導非限制性定語從句，并在從句中用作主語。又如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快，這是很危險的。
3. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山東卷)
A. who B. which C. when D. that
【解析】B。that不能用于引導非限制性定語從句，故可排除;when是關系副詞，不用作主語，故也可排除;who用于指人，但這里的定語從句不是修飾her，而是修飾whenever I met her，故不能用who，此處應用which。又如：He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他說他從沒見到過她，這是不真實的。
考點三 查關系副詞where引導的定語從句
1. Mozarts birthplace and the house ________ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now. (上海卷)
A. where B. when C. there D. which
【解析】A。由于定語從句he composed The Magic Flute的主語和賓語是完整的，所以不能選D;when指時間，不用于修飾表地點的先行詞the house，故也不能選;而there不是關系詞，不能引導定語從句。
2. Its helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently. (福建卷)
A. that B. when C. which D. where
【解析】D。由于定語從句they can see themselves differently的主語和賓語是完整的，所以不能選A和C;when指時間，不用于修飾表地點的先行詞a situation，故也不能選。
3. Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (重慶卷)
A. why B. what C. that D. where
【解析】D。由于定語從句we compete with others to go beyond ourselves的句子結構是完整的，不缺主語或賓語，所以不能選C;why引導定語從句，其先行詞只能是the reason，而不用于其他場合，故不能選;what不是關系詞，不能用于引導定語從句，故也可排除;where在此引導定語從句，修飾名詞race，相當于in which。句意為：人生就像一場長途賽跑，在賽跑中我們為了超越自我而與別人競爭。
4. I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (浙江卷)
A. which B. where C. how D. why
【解析】B。定語從句修飾的先行詞是a point，不是my life。point在此相當于一個抽象的地點，所以要用關系副詞where來引導定語從句。又如：We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我們到了必須改一改的地步。She had got to the point where she felt that she could not take any more. 她到了她覺得自己再也不能忍受的地步。
5. What do you think of teaching, Bob?
I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting. (北京卷)
A. where B. which C. when D. that
【解析】A。由于定語從句you are doing something serious but interesting是一個結構完整的句子，不缺主語或賓語，所以不能選關系代詞which或that，故可排除B和D;而關系副詞when只用于修飾表示時間的名詞，故也可排除;where在此相當于in which，引導定語從句，并在定語從句中用作地點狀語。又如：I dont want a job where Im chained to a desk for eight hours a day. 我不想要一份一天8小時都得守在辦公桌前的工作。
考點四 查關系副詞when引導的定語從句
1. Shell never forget her stay there, ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (四川卷)
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【解析】D。that不用于引導非限制性定語從句，故被排除;which引導定語從句必須在定語從句中充當主語或賓語，與本題的句子結構不符，故也被排除;where引導定語從句時，其前先行詞只能是表示地點的名詞，而本題的先行詞her stay there(她待在那兒期間)不是表地點，而是表時間，故C也可排除;關系副詞when在此引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞her stay。句意為：她永遠不會忘記她待在那兒的那段時間，在此其間她找到了她兩年前失蹤的孩子。
2. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (江蘇卷)
A. if B. when C. which D. since
【解析】B。when在此用于引導定語從句，修飾名詞days。此題的難點是先行詞days與關系副詞when之間被are gone，容易誤解句子結構。句意為：由于金融危機，當地五星級賓館每晚收費6,000元的日子已經過去了。
考點五 考查介詞+關系代詞結構
1. Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time. (陜西卷)
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
【解析】C。當一個定語從句由介詞+which引導時，其中介詞的確定方法就是要找到與之構成搭配的動詞、名詞、形容詞等。在本題中，根據句意，句子所涉及的搭配是argue about a subject(爭論某個話題)，所以答案只能選C。又如：I called him by the wrong name for which mistake I apologize. 我叫錯了他的名字，為了這個錯誤我愿道歉。
2. She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before. (全國I)
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
【解析】C。由于兩個句子之間沒有并列連詞，所以不能選A或D;又因為是用于介詞of之后作賓語，所以要用賓格whom，不用who。句意為：她帶來了三個朋友，我以前一個也沒有見過。
考點六 定語從句考查新角度
The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (江西卷)
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
【解析】B。這道題的本質是考查定語從句的用法，但其命題的角度比較特別，它既不考查先行詞，也不考查關系代詞或關系副詞，而是結合介詞的搭配考查關系代詞的省略。句中定語從句I grew up用于修飾名詞the house，由于其前沒有引導詞，所以可認為被省略了。而根據英語語法，可以省略的定語從句引導詞只可能是用作賓語的關系代詞that或which，這樣一來，就必須要求空格處填一個能帶賓語的詞，顯然只有介詞in。
