英語講義【40】復數(shù)名詞的誤用
英語名詞分可數(shù)的和不可數(shù)兩種。可數(shù)名詞指一般動物和事物，如Man/ friend/ driver/ student/ dog/ cat/ boat/ egg/ gun/ hand/ head/ lamp/ road/ table/ car 等等。
可數(shù)名詞有兩個數(shù)，即單數(shù)和復數(shù)。單數(shù)名詞可以和不定冠詞 a/ an或其他名詞限定詞（determiners）連用；復數(shù)名詞可以和數(shù)目詞，如many/ a few/ some/ a lot of等連用。
不可數(shù)名詞指物質(zhì)名詞（material nouns）和抽象名詞（ abstract nouns），如：air/ butter/ grass/ money/ sand/ water/ carefulness/ joy/ peace等等。不可數(shù)名詞可以和數(shù)量詞，如much/ a little/ little/ a great amount of等連用。不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù)，沒有復數(shù)-s的形式。
有些人對名詞數(shù)的概念不很清楚，對數(shù)目詞（expressions of number）和數(shù)量詞（expressions of quantity）也有些混亂，結(jié)果把數(shù)目詞用在不可數(shù)名詞之前或隨意在不可數(shù)名詞后面加上復數(shù)詞尾 -s，這些都是語法上的錯誤。例如：
① Our workshop has ordered some new equipments from Germany.
雖然有些人把 equipment（配備）當成可數(shù)名詞，但是它是不可數(shù)的，不可有-s。
② My teacher gave me some sound advices. 應(yīng)該是advice。
③ Do you have any special informations for me? Information才對。
④ Most furnitures in my house are made of wood. 應(yīng)該是furnitureis
⑤ Today, I have many new works to do. 必須是a lot of new work才是。
⑥ Dont walk on the grasses. 應(yīng)該用grass。
⑦ Our foreign students have made great progresses in their studies. Progress（進步）不可數(shù)；不可有-es。
⑧ All his money are kept in the bank. Money（金錢）屬不可數(shù)名詞；動詞要單數(shù)的is。
上述這類有關(guān)不可數(shù)名詞的錯誤，極為普遍；只要看看學生的作文，便知道了。
既然如此，要怎樣避免這種錯誤呢？
首先，必須牢記不可數(shù)名詞絕對沒有復數(shù)形式。其次，隨時準備些數(shù)量詞，如much/ little/ some/ a little/ a lot of/ plenty of等，以便在必要時和不可數(shù)名詞連用。最后，謹記：謂語動詞必須和主語的數(shù)目一致。既然不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，那么謂語動詞若是簡單現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（simple present tense），現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)（ present continuous tense）或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（present perfect tense）的話，就必須以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。例如：
⑨ Bread is sold in coffee shops and supermarkets.
⑩ His luggage is somewhere at the railway station.
11. Some money is being used to help the poor.
12. The information required includes personal particulars and the present salary.
13. A lot of time has been spent on this project.
14. Hypocrisy gives rise to mistrust.
15. Familiarity breeds contempt.
英語名詞分可數(shù)的和不可數(shù)兩種。可數(shù)名詞指一般動物和事物，如Man/ friend/ driver/ student/ dog/ cat/ boat/ egg/ gun/ hand/ head/ lamp/ road/ table/ car 等等。
可數(shù)名詞有兩個數(shù)，即單數(shù)和復數(shù)。單數(shù)名詞可以和不定冠詞 a/ an或其他名詞限定詞（determiners）連用；復數(shù)名詞可以和數(shù)目詞，如many/ a few/ some/ a lot of等連用。
不可數(shù)名詞指物質(zhì)名詞（material nouns）和抽象名詞（ abstract nouns），如：air/ butter/ grass/ money/ sand/ water/ carefulness/ joy/ peace等等。不可數(shù)名詞可以和數(shù)量詞，如much/ a little/ little/ a great amount of等連用。不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù)，沒有復數(shù)-s的形式。
有些人對名詞數(shù)的概念不很清楚，對數(shù)目詞（expressions of number）和數(shù)量詞（expressions of quantity）也有些混亂，結(jié)果把數(shù)目詞用在不可數(shù)名詞之前或隨意在不可數(shù)名詞后面加上復數(shù)詞尾 -s，這些都是語法上的錯誤。例如：
① Our workshop has ordered some new equipments from Germany.
雖然有些人把 equipment（配備）當成可數(shù)名詞，但是它是不可數(shù)的，不可有-s。
② My teacher gave me some sound advices. 應(yīng)該是advice。
③ Do you have any special informations for me? Information才對。
④ Most furnitures in my house are made of wood. 應(yīng)該是furnitureis
⑤ Today, I have many new works to do. 必須是a lot of new work才是。
⑥ Dont walk on the grasses. 應(yīng)該用grass。
⑦ Our foreign students have made great progresses in their studies. Progress（進步）不可數(shù)；不可有-es。
⑧ All his money are kept in the bank. Money（金錢）屬不可數(shù)名詞；動詞要單數(shù)的is。
上述這類有關(guān)不可數(shù)名詞的錯誤，極為普遍；只要看看學生的作文，便知道了。
既然如此，要怎樣避免這種錯誤呢？
首先，必須牢記不可數(shù)名詞絕對沒有復數(shù)形式。其次，隨時準備些數(shù)量詞，如much/ little/ some/ a little/ a lot of/ plenty of等，以便在必要時和不可數(shù)名詞連用。最后，謹記：謂語動詞必須和主語的數(shù)目一致。既然不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，那么謂語動詞若是簡單現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（simple present tense），現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)（ present continuous tense）或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（present perfect tense）的話，就必須以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。例如：
⑨ Bread is sold in coffee shops and supermarkets.
⑩ His luggage is somewhere at the railway station.
11. Some money is being used to help the poor.
12. The information required includes personal particulars and the present salary.
13. A lot of time has been spent on this project.
14. Hypocrisy gives rise to mistrust.
15. Familiarity breeds contempt.
