職稱英語中常見詞

　　classical adj. 古典的;人文科學的

　　classical music/古典音樂;

　　clean adj. 清潔的，干凈的 v. 打掃，使干凈;

　　clear adj. 清楚的，清晰的;

　　clear away/清除, 消失;

　　clever adj. 機靈的，聰明的;

　　climate n. 氣候

　　a mild climate/溫和的氣候;

　　clinic n. 門診部;臨床;

　　around the clock/日以繼夜;

　　close v. 關，關閉;結束 n. 結束 adj. 近的，緊密的;封閉的;親密的

　　close down/關閉;封閉;

　　close to/與接近;與靠近;

　　coast n. 海岸;海濱地區

　　along the coast/沿海岸;

　　off the coast/在海岸附近;

　　cold n. 寒冷;傷風，感冒adj. 寒冷的;冷淡的，不熱情的

　　catch [have, take] cold/感冒，受涼，傷風;

　　collect v. 收集;聚集;搜集

　　collect stamps/集郵;

　　colorful adj. 華美的;色彩的;生動的

　　a colorful language/生動的語言;

　　combine v. 聯合;使)結合

　　be combined with/與結合著

　　combine.. with.../把與結合起來;

　　come v. 來;出現;來;出生;開始

　　come about/發生

　　come across/偶遇;碰到

　　come up with/想出;作出;產生;

　　comfort n. 安慰;舒適v. 安慰;使;緩和;

　　comfortable adj. 舒適的;令人安慰的;覺得舒服的;

　　command n. 命令;掌握v. 命令;指揮;克制;支配;博得;

　　commercial adj. 商業的，商務的;

　　commit vt. 犯;干;把交

　　commit an error/做錯事

　　commit a guilt/犯罪

　　commit suicide/自殺

　　commit a mistake/犯錯;

　　common adj. 共同的;公共的; 普通的;

　　communicate v. 溝通;通信:

　　communicate with/交流;

　　community n. 公社;社會;群落;

　　compact adj. 緊湊的，緊密的，簡潔的;

　　companyn. 公司;陪伴

　　compare v. / vt.比較;相比;比喻

　　compare.. with..把..與相比

　　compare.. to../ 把..比喻為..

　　by comparison/比較起來

　　in comparison with/和比較起來;

　　compensate v. 償還，補償，付報酬 compensate for/賠償;

　　compete vi. 比賽，競爭

　　compete with /與競爭

　　compete for/為競爭;

　　competence n. 能力;勝任;資格;

　　competition n. 競爭;競賽;

　　complain vi. 抱怨;埋怨

　　complain about/控訴;抗議;

　　complaint n. 訴苦，抱怨，牢騷

　　make a complaint/提出不滿意見，對提出控告;

　　complex adj. 復雜的，合成的，綜合的;

　　complicate v. 變復雜 vt.使費解，使難以處理;

　　comply with/同意，答應;遵守;

　　component n. 成分 adj. 組成的，構成的;

　　comprehend vt. 領會，理解;

　　comprise v. 包含，由組成;

　　conceal vt. 隱藏，隱瞞;

　　concentrate v. 集中，濃縮

　　concentrate ones attention on/集中精力在某方面，專心于

　　concentrate upon/集中在，專心于;

　　concept n. 觀念，概念;

　　concern vt. 涉及，關系到 n. 關系，關心，所關心的事情

　　as far as...be concerned/關于，至于，就而言

　　be concerned about/關心;

　　conclude v. 結束，終止, 作出結論vt. 推斷，斷定;

　　condition n. 條件，情形，環境

　　on condition that/條件是

　　be in good condition/完好無誤;

　　conduct n.行為, 操行v.引導, 管理, 傳導;

　　conference n. 會議

　　a press [news] conference/記者招待會;

　　confess v. 承認，坦白

　　confess ones error/承認自己的錯誤;

　　confident adj. 自信的，確信的;

　　confine vt. 限制，禁閉 n. 界限，邊界

　　be confined to/限于，限制[封閉]在;

　　confirm vt. 確定，批準;

　　conflict n. 斗爭，沖突vi. 抵觸，沖突

　　in conflict with.../同相沖突[有抵觸，有矛盾];

　　confront vt. 使面臨，對抗

　　be confronted with/面臨，面對;

　　confuse vt. 搞亂，使糊涂;

　　congress n. 大會，[C～] 國會，議會

　　the National Peoples Congress/[中]全國人民代表大會;

　　connect v. 連接，聯合，關連

　　connect with/和有聯系，和有關;

　　conquer vt. 戰勝，占領，克服，破;

　　conscious adj. 有意識的，有知覺的

　　be conscious of/意識到;

　　consequence n. 結果, 因果關系

　　in consequence/因此，由此;

　　consider vt. 考慮，認為

　　consider.. as..把看作..;

　　considerable adj. 相當大的，相當可觀的;

　　consist vi. 由組成，在于，一致

　　consist of包括，由組成;

　　constant n. [數、物] 常數，恒量 adj. 不變的，持續的;

　　construct vt. 建造，構造，創立;

　　consume vt. 消耗，消費;

　　consumer n. 消費者;

　　contact n. 接觸，聯系vt. 接觸，聯系

　　contact sb/和聯系

　　be in/out of contact with.../和接觸，有聯系[脫離接觸，失去聯系];

　　contain vt. 包含，容納，容忍

　　例題解析：

　　閱讀判斷(每題1分，共七分)

　　閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了七個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。

　　Passage 1(B/C級，出題難度上達到B級)

　　The First Settlement in North America

　　It is very difficult to say just when colonization began.The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south，a great interest in gold and adventure，and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part.John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice，was established as a trader in Bristol，England. when he made a journey in 1497.But his ship。the Matthew，with its crew of eighteen, did nomore than see an island and return home.He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled me English crown to claim alegaltitle to North America~.But for a long time afterwards the Europeansinterest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.

　　The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage.The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England，calling it Virginia.In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island，but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake，in 1587.A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.

　　The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies，a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol.It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area.The first settlers in Virginia were little more t11an Wage slavesto the company.A11 were men and the experiment was not very successful.Many died.Those who survived lived in miserable conditions.By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.

　　詞匯：

　　colonization n.開拓殖民地

　　crew n.全體船員一隊，一

　　settlement n.居民點

　　Spanish adj.西班牙的

　　Permanent adj.永久的

　　練習

　　1.We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　2.Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　3. With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497,the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　4.There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage tO North America in 1497.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.NOt mentioned

　　5.The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　6.The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh. .

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　7.The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　答案及解析：

　　1.文章主題分析：The First Settlement in North America

　　It is very difficult to say just when colonization (殖民地)began.The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south，

　　Rather: adv.寧可, 更愿意地, 更確切地;更精確地, 相當地

　　Id rather go to the movies.我寧愿去看電影

　　Hes my friend, or rather he was my friend.

　　他是我的朋友，不過更確切地說，他曾經是我的朋友

　　rather cold.相當寒冷

　　2. 直接解題：

　　1.We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　B.分析：文章第一句的含義(很難說出殖民運動開始于什么時候)正好與該句的句意矛盾。所以答案為B。

　　for sure adv.確實

　　2.Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　A.分析：題干中出現的細節信息較多，因此考慮把題干中的信息進行劃分：劃分成2層： the early settlers in South America in the 16th century + were Spanish traders (= Spanish traders are among the early settlers)，并利用題干中出現的特征信息： in the 16th century作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：

　　It is very difficult to say just when colonization began.The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south(從該結構內容可以推出題干中的第1層和第2層信息)，a great interest in gold and adventure，and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part.

　　3. With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497,the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　B.分析：題干中出現的細節信息較多，因此考慮把題干中的信息進行劃分：劃分成2層：With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497 + the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America, 并利用題干中出現的特征結構：in 1497， an island off the New England coast ,the British Crown和 John Cabot作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：

　　John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice，was established as a trader in Bristol，England, when he made a journey in 1497.But his ship, the Matthew，with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island and return home.

　　4.There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497.

　　A.right B.Wrong C.NOt mentioned

　　B.分析：題干中出現的細節信息較多，因此考慮把題干中的信息進行劃分：劃分成2層：There were eighteen people on board the Matthew + during its voyage to North America in 1497, 并利用題干中出現的特征信息：eighteen people, he Matthew和 in 1497　作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：

　　John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice，was established as a trader in Bristol，England, when he made a journey in 1497.But his ship, the Matthew，with its crew of eighteen(該結構揭示的含義是有18名水手與信息1中提到的船上有18人不一致，因為肯定John Cabot本人也在船上), did no more than see an island and return home.He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic ...

　　5.The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　A.分析：題干中出現的細節信息較多，因此考慮把題干中的信息進行劃分：劃分成2層：The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America + (The first attempt)occurred in the 1580s，并利用題干中出現的特征信息：1580s 和European people 作為答案線索，并注意題干中的修飾詞first 和permanently，這樣發現答案相關句：

　　The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage(Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492)(該句內容基本上與信息1和信息2的內容一致，但信息1中提到的歐洲人試圖定居下來的嘗試在該句中找不到相關內容).The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England，calling it Virginia.In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island，but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake，in 1587.(這些劃線句反映的內容都是英國人(歐洲人)((爵士) Walter Raleigh)帶領下的登陸定居嘗試。)因此，可見題干中所反映的內容在文章中都有呼應，因此判斷該題的答案是正確。

　　6.The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh. .

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　A.分析：該句內容較單一，因此直接看成1層信息。利用題干中出現的特征詞Virginia和Sir Walter Raleigh作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關句：

　　A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.

　　The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies，a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol..

　　文章結尾處沒有出現題干中的另一個核心詞，因此回頭看前文，這樣發現直接答案相關句：

　　(第2段)The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England，calling it Virginia該句句意與題干內容完全一致，因此判斷該題的說法正確。

　　7.The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

　　C.分析：題干中出現的細節信息較多，因此考慮把題干中的信息進行劃分：劃分成2層：The name New England was given to the northern area of North America + (given)by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies，利用題干中出現的特征詞New England和 two Virginia companies作為答案線索，這樣發現答案相關句：