2023職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愅晷翁羁站毩?xí)
Germs on Banknotes
People in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.
Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.
Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .
Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.
Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.
What we call paper money usually isnt made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.
The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.
The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.
Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all , you never know where your money s been. Or whats living on it
練習(xí):
1. A coins B money C cheques D loans
2. A different B clean C hard D foreign
3. A anniversary B year C decade D century
4. A along B with C within D outside
5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces
6. A delivered B borrowed C gathered D designed
7. A because B though C when D where
8. A plastic B rubber C cotton D paper
9. A languages B colors C substances D materials
10. A family B team C advisor D boss
11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies
12. A nearly B mostly C likely D merely
13. A dirt B water C germs D oil
14. A compare B connect C conduct D command
15. A arms B hands C face D clothes 答案與題解:
1.B 冒號后面說的是各國使用錢幣的名稱:yuan in China ，pesos in Mexico，pounds in the United Kingdom ，dollars in the United States，Aus往alia and New Zealand ，所以填人的詞必 定與這些錢幣有關(guān)，而且應(yīng)該是錢幣的總括詞。因此選 money 最為恰當(dāng)。coins 是硬幣，cheques 是支票 ，loans是貸款，它們都不會(huì)是答案。
2.A 本題的句子說的是:雖然各國使用的紙幣各不相同，它們有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，那就是紙幣上 有病菌。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中 different 是答案。
3.D 選century 最合理。選 anniversary ，year 或decade都不合邏輯。
4.C 本段第二句提供了解答本題的線索。Frank Vriesekoop 的研究與以前的科學(xué)家的研究不同，他比較了各國錢幣上的病菌數(shù)量， 在他之前的科學(xué)家的研究范圍局限于一個(gè)國家的紙幣。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 within 表達(dá)在里的意思。
5. A 經(jīng)過第四題選詞的思索過程，本題的形容詞很自然會(huì)在 different 之后用 countries，指不同的國家。
6. C 上一句說 Vriesekoop 比較不同國家紙幣攜帶病菌的數(shù)量。本題的句子明確指出他對比 的紙幣涉及十個(gè)國家。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 gathered 與上下文的意思相匹配。
7. A 填詞所在的句子與前面的主句存在因果關(guān)系。為什么要從食品店和食品攤收集紙幣呢?因?yàn)檫@些地方常要用現(xiàn)金支付。本題答案是 because。
8. C fabric 是織物，其制作原料不會(huì)是 plastic或 rubber。選 paper 也不對， 因?yàn)楸揪涫钦f明紙幣的制作原料通常不是紙。制作 fabric 的原料是 cotton，這是合乎常理的。而且該段倒數(shù)第二句也提供了答案。所以答案是 cotton。
9.D 本段說紙幣的材料一般不是紙，通常是用棉花織物或高分子聚合物制作的。所以選擇materials是正確的。
10. B 本題應(yīng)當(dāng)選 team。與 family ，advisor 或 boss 合作研究不是 沒有可能，但總有些離譜。與團(tuán)隊(duì)合作研究比較合理。
11. D 本段第二句提供了線索，它列出三種紙幣，即 the Australian dollar ，the New Zealand dollar 和 some Mexican pesos。選 currencies 是最合理的。另外三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不合適; expenses是支出，banks 是銀行 ，statements 是賬單。
12. B 本題只有選 mostly，上下文意思才連貫。
13. C 前一句說用高分子聚合物制作的錢幣含菌數(shù)量較少。本題的句子接著分析說，在高分子聚合物上存活較難。誰存活較難?當(dāng)然是病菌。本題答案是germs0 dirt, water 和oil 是非生物，不存在生存的問題。
14.A 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入句子后，句子成了： compare/connect/conduct/command the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills, 很明顯;connect /conduct /commandamounts of time是無法成立的。只有compare不同紙幣上病菌存活的時(shí)間才是Vriesekoop 要研究的新課題。
15. B人們通常是用手接觸紙幣的。所以接觸紙幣后要洗手。答案是hands。
Germs on Banknotes
People in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.
Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.
Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .
Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.
Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.
What we call paper money usually isnt made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.
The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.
The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.
Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all , you never know where your money s been. Or whats living on it
練習(xí):
1. A coins B money C cheques D loans
2. A different B clean C hard D foreign
3. A anniversary B year C decade D century
4. A along B with C within D outside
5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces
6. A delivered B borrowed C gathered D designed
7. A because B though C when D where
8. A plastic B rubber C cotton D paper
9. A languages B colors C substances D materials
10. A family B team C advisor D boss
11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies
12. A nearly B mostly C likely D merely
13. A dirt B water C germs D oil
14. A compare B connect C conduct D command
15. A arms B hands C face D clothes 答案與題解:
1.B 冒號后面說的是各國使用錢幣的名稱:yuan in China ，pesos in Mexico，pounds in the United Kingdom ，dollars in the United States，Aus往alia and New Zealand ，所以填人的詞必 定與這些錢幣有關(guān)，而且應(yīng)該是錢幣的總括詞。因此選 money 最為恰當(dāng)。coins 是硬幣，cheques 是支票 ，loans是貸款，它們都不會(huì)是答案。
2.A 本題的句子說的是:雖然各國使用的紙幣各不相同，它們有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，那就是紙幣上 有病菌。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中 different 是答案。
3.D 選century 最合理。選 anniversary ，year 或decade都不合邏輯。
4.C 本段第二句提供了解答本題的線索。Frank Vriesekoop 的研究與以前的科學(xué)家的研究不同，他比較了各國錢幣上的病菌數(shù)量， 在他之前的科學(xué)家的研究范圍局限于一個(gè)國家的紙幣。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 within 表達(dá)在里的意思。
5. A 經(jīng)過第四題選詞的思索過程，本題的形容詞很自然會(huì)在 different 之后用 countries，指不同的國家。
6. C 上一句說 Vriesekoop 比較不同國家紙幣攜帶病菌的數(shù)量。本題的句子明確指出他對比 的紙幣涉及十個(gè)國家。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 gathered 與上下文的意思相匹配。
7. A 填詞所在的句子與前面的主句存在因果關(guān)系。為什么要從食品店和食品攤收集紙幣呢?因?yàn)檫@些地方常要用現(xiàn)金支付。本題答案是 because。
8. C fabric 是織物，其制作原料不會(huì)是 plastic或 rubber。選 paper 也不對， 因?yàn)楸揪涫钦f明紙幣的制作原料通常不是紙。制作 fabric 的原料是 cotton，這是合乎常理的。而且該段倒數(shù)第二句也提供了答案。所以答案是 cotton。
9.D 本段說紙幣的材料一般不是紙，通常是用棉花織物或高分子聚合物制作的。所以選擇materials是正確的。
10. B 本題應(yīng)當(dāng)選 team。與 family ，advisor 或 boss 合作研究不是 沒有可能，但總有些離譜。與團(tuán)隊(duì)合作研究比較合理。
11. D 本段第二句提供了線索，它列出三種紙幣，即 the Australian dollar ，the New Zealand dollar 和 some Mexican pesos。選 currencies 是最合理的。另外三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不合適; expenses是支出，banks 是銀行 ，statements 是賬單。
12. B 本題只有選 mostly，上下文意思才連貫。
13. C 前一句說用高分子聚合物制作的錢幣含菌數(shù)量較少。本題的句子接著分析說，在高分子聚合物上存活較難。誰存活較難?當(dāng)然是病菌。本題答案是germs0 dirt, water 和oil 是非生物，不存在生存的問題。
14.A 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入句子后，句子成了： compare/connect/conduct/command the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills, 很明顯;connect /conduct /commandamounts of time是無法成立的。只有compare不同紙幣上病菌存活的時(shí)間才是Vriesekoop 要研究的新課題。
15. B人們通常是用手接觸紙幣的。所以接觸紙幣后要洗手。答案是hands。
