36The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.

　　 部分同意

　　1、被評價者的思想可能很超前，同時代人還無法理解

　　Van Gogh; Copernicus

　　Albert Einstain, who developed a brand new theory, which expands the frontier of physics tremendously, relative theory. Although it has b een proved the most significant discovery in 20th century, it was understood and accepted by no more than ten people at that time.

　　2、有些人的成就可能與同時代的統治利益沖突而被打壓，直到后人平反。比如馬克吐溫的小說。

　　3、也有一些人的成就被同時代的人認可

　　Bill Gates. Although he is not old and still in his heyday, we can asses him with full confidence that he is a very successful businessman, not only due to his great wealth but also due to the tremendous change he and his products bring to the world. Therefore, we cannot neglect the possibility individuals greatness be perfectly evalua ted by his contemporaries.

　　ISSUE36

　　一個人是否偉大是由后人評定的，而非他同時代的人

　　關鍵詞：人的偉大，決定于，后人，同代人

　　核心：偉大

　　1 偉大的判定-決定一個人是否偉大的標準通常是對方是否給自己或自己生活的社會帶來了利益和好處

　　2 根據這點-后人認為某人偉大，因為它給當時帶來了利益+當代人是根據它有沒有給當代帶來好處

　　3 后人判定分兩種情況-在當初背否認，現在承認+當初作用很小，現在意義重大，體現其偉大

　　4 當代人判定分兩種情況-暫時性的好處，如某種經濟政策+長期有益的

　　5 結論

　　一個人是否為大事由后人評定的而非他同時代的人。

　　不同意：In my view the speaker unfairly generalizes. In some areas 。。。However, in other areas, particularly t。。。In still other areas 。。。varies from case to case.

　　科學：1。應用性：比如電燈的發明;蒸汽機啥的

　　比如微軟;基因水稻

　　2.理論性：比如愛因斯坦相對論;

　　比如地心說日心說;

　　3.藝術也一樣：大眾藝術，比如電影啊，節目收視率;暢銷書;

　　非主流藝術，比如凡高，比如史記

　　當代人認同

　　一、同意，因為 Though people set great ostensible...，但claim 太絕對, 含有 only，better revised ，business，sports

　　二、limited to traditions and conflicting with conventional wisdom ，被貶成 heterodoxy

　　1. Copernicus, Darwin

　　2.與主流 ideology 沖突

　　三、需要被證明 History also informs us that most of new ideas beyond the ken of general people should be tested by their abilities, in combination with events, to overcome iner tia and resistance that conventional wisdom provides.

　　1.既得利益很難克服 It is because the vested interest in understanding is more preciously guarded than any other treasure that people defend with great passion their traditional ideas which they have so laboriously learned.

　　2. Mendel

　　四、What appears to be true in scientific world is even truer in the fiel ds of philosophy, sociology, and economics, where there is no absolutely correct solution to a problem.

　　1. 經濟學例子 Joan Robinson, Keynes

　　五、但有些也可以被人同,business sports，相對短時間 the claim is not unexceptionable when it comes to the business world and sports sphere wh ere it is easier to see the values.

　　1. Jack Welch

　　2.Sports, 人們可以 distinguish whether good player Schumacher

　　36T The greatness of individual s can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.

　　 只有后來人評價以前的人，而不應該同時代的人相互評價

　　① The greatness of individuals cannot be appreciated by their contemporaries in large part is due to their outstanding talent and their transcendental intelligence which surpass the common cognition of general public and their peers. 如：梵高Gogh, Vincent van, the sunflower, starry night. 死后才被追認為印象派大師master

　　Dutch postimpressionist painter whose early works, such as Th e Potato Eaters , portray peasant life in somber, dark colors. His later work s, including numerous self-portraits, a series of sunflower paintings , and Starry Night , are characterized by bold, rhythmic brush strokes and vivid colors. Hi s long struggle with depression ended in suicide.

　　② 與①相反，有一部分工程 project 在當時看起來很好，隨時間推移顯出壞處。如：政治家的政績 achievement in ones post 工程。不考慮后代的利益，留下棘手的問題跟下一任。Under such circumstance, greatness must be tested over time before it can be confirmed.

　　③ 當代人還可能受當時的社會意識形態 ideology、輿論傳播的影響。Only time will tell

　　④ 后代人來評說也有問題。可能不能考慮到當時的歷史環境以及其他歷史條件的限制。不能be personally on the scene

　　36The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.

　　 部分同意

　　1、被評價者的思想可能很超前，同時代人還無法理解

　　Van Gogh; Copernicus

　　Albert Einstain, who developed a brand new theory, which expands the frontier of physics tremendously, relative theory. Although it has b een proved the most significant discovery in 20th century, it was understood and accepted by no more than ten people at that time.

　　2、有些人的成就可能與同時代的統治利益沖突而被打壓，直到后人平反。比如馬克吐溫的小說。

　　3、也有一些人的成就被同時代的人認可

　　Bill Gates. Although he is not old and still in his heyday, we can asses him with full confidence that he is a very successful businessman, not only due to his great wealth but also due to the tremendous change he and his products bring to the world. Therefore, we cannot neglect the possibility individuals greatness be perfectly evalua ted by his contemporaries.

　　ISSUE36

　　一個人是否偉大是由后人評定的，而非他同時代的人

　　關鍵詞：人的偉大，決定于，后人，同代人

　　核心：偉大

　　1 偉大的判定-決定一個人是否偉大的標準通常是對方是否給自己或自己生活的社會帶來了利益和好處

　　2 根據這點-后人認為某人偉大，因為它給當時帶來了利益+當代人是根據它有沒有給當代帶來好處

　　3 后人判定分兩種情況-在當初背否認，現在承認+當初作用很小，現在意義重大，體現其偉大

　　4 當代人判定分兩種情況-暫時性的好處，如某種經濟政策+長期有益的

　　5 結論

　　一個人是否為大事由后人評定的而非他同時代的人。

　　不同意：In my view the speaker unfairly generalizes. In some areas 。。。However, in other areas, particularly t。。。In still other areas 。。。varies from case to case.

　　科學：1。應用性：比如電燈的發明;蒸汽機啥的

　　比如微軟;基因水稻

　　2.理論性：比如愛因斯坦相對論;

　　比如地心說日心說;

　　3.藝術也一樣：大眾藝術，比如電影啊，節目收視率;暢銷書;

　　非主流藝術，比如凡高，比如史記

　　當代人認同

　　一、同意，因為 Though people set great ostensible...，但claim 太絕對, 含有 only，better revised ，business，sports

　　二、limited to traditions and conflicting with conventional wisdom ，被貶成 heterodoxy

　　1. Copernicus, Darwin

　　2.與主流 ideology 沖突

　　三、需要被證明 History also informs us that most of new ideas beyond the ken of general people should be tested by their abilities, in combination with events, to overcome iner tia and resistance that conventional wisdom provides.

　　1.既得利益很難克服 It is because the vested interest in understanding is more preciously guarded than any other treasure that people defend with great passion their traditional ideas which they have so laboriously learned.

　　2. Mendel

　　四、What appears to be true in scientific world is even truer in the fiel ds of philosophy, sociology, and economics, where there is no absolutely correct solution to a problem.

　　1. 經濟學例子 Joan Robinson, Keynes

　　五、但有些也可以被人同,business sports，相對短時間 the claim is not unexceptionable when it comes to the business world and sports sphere wh ere it is easier to see the values.

　　1. Jack Welch

　　2.Sports, 人們可以 distinguish whether good player Schumacher

　　36T The greatness of individual s can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.

　　 只有后來人評價以前的人，而不應該同時代的人相互評價

　　① The greatness of individuals cannot be appreciated by their contemporaries in large part is due to their outstanding talent and their transcendental intelligence which surpass the common cognition of general public and their peers. 如：梵高Gogh, Vincent van, the sunflower, starry night. 死后才被追認為印象派大師master

　　Dutch postimpressionist painter whose early works, such as Th e Potato Eaters , portray peasant life in somber, dark colors. His later work s, including numerous self-portraits, a series of sunflower paintings , and Starry Night , are characterized by bold, rhythmic brush strokes and vivid colors. Hi s long struggle with depression ended in suicide.

　　② 與①相反，有一部分工程 project 在當時看起來很好，隨時間推移顯出壞處。如：政治家的政績 achievement in ones post 工程。不考慮后代的利益，留下棘手的問題跟下一任。Under such circumstance, greatness must be tested over time before it can be confirmed.

　　③ 當代人還可能受當時的社會意識形態 ideology、輿論傳播的影響。Only time will tell

　　④ 后代人來評說也有問題。可能不能考慮到當時的歷史環境以及其他歷史條件的限制。不能be personally on the scene