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2024高考英語考綱解讀及熱點演練:2 冠詞

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2024高考英語考綱解讀及熱點演練:2 冠詞

  冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題,而且基本都設兩空。一般情況下,試題的情景較為曲折,句式以復合句為主。另外,在短文改錯和語法填空中也常常涉及冠詞的考查。考查要點主要包括:

  1.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。

  2.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級前冠詞的使用情況。

  3.考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。

  4.考查零冠詞的運用。另外,還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。

  復習冠詞須把握好以下三個原則:

  (1)單數可數名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指;

  (2)復數可數名詞及不可數名詞表示泛指時,其前不加冠詞;

  (3)無論可數名詞還是不可數名詞,表示特指時,其前都要加定冠詞the。

  2024年高考將繼續把冠詞的基本用法作為考查重點,而冠詞的活用仍會成為2024年高考考查的難點。

  一定冠詞

  1.表示特指。

  Pass me the magazine on the desk.

  請把桌上的雜志遞給我。

  二不定冠詞

  3.用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。

  He was a success in business.

  他是事業成功人士。

  三零冠詞

  1.用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復數名詞等之前。

  Knowledge begins with practice.

  知識從實踐開始。

  Teachers should be respected.

  教師應該受到尊重。

  2.東、西方都有的節日名稱前不用冠詞,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中國的節日一般用定冠詞,如:the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。

  3.月份、日期前一般不用冠詞,如:in October, on March 8等。

  4.三餐名詞前不用冠詞,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。

  但有定語修飾時需加不定冠詞,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。

  5.表示體育運動的名詞前不用冠詞,如:play football/cards/chess等;但樂器名詞前需加定冠詞,如:play the violin/the piano等。

  6.用于作表語、補足語、同位語的唯一職位名詞前。

  John is captain of the team.

  約翰是這個隊的隊長。

  They elected him president of the society.

  他們選他為協會會長。

  7.用于表示“變成”的turn后、作表語的單數名詞前。

  He was a teacher before he turned writer.

  他成為作家之前是教師。

  10.用于某些獨立主格結構中。

  The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).

  老師走了進來,手里拿著書。

  四冠詞在固定搭配中的用法

  1.用在表示計量的名詞前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如果表示單位的名詞為不可數名詞,之前不用冠詞,如by weight, by height等。

  2.在句型“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體某部位”中的the不可用人稱代詞替代。

  take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂

  hit sb. in the face 打某人的臉

  此外,在be red in the face (臉紅), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等結構中,名詞前要用the。

  3.用于某些習慣用法,如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然,不知所措)等。

  4.有些習語中有無冠詞意義完全不同。如:

  1.(2024·福建,21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development.A.the;a

  B.a;a

  C.a;the

  D.the;the

  2.(2024·江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.

  A.a;/

  B.the;the

  C.a;the

  D./;/

  【答案】A

  3.(2024·山東,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.

  A./;a

  B.a;the

  C.the;a

  D.the;/

  4.(2024·江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.

  A.the;a

  B.a;/

  C./;the

  D.the;the

  5.(2024·浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.

  A.a;an

  B.a;/

  C./;the

  D.the;an

  6.(2024·重慶,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.

  A.a;/

  B.the; /

  C.the; an

  D.a; an

   【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.

  A.a; a

  B.a;the

  C.the;a

  D.the;the

  【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.

  A.a;a

  B.a;the

  C.the;the

  D.a;/

  【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.

  A.a;the

  B.the;the

  C.a;a

  D.the;a

  【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.

  A.the;the

  B.a;a

  C.a;/

  D./;a

  不定冠詞的用法

  泛指單數和首提,某個/每個/又一個;

  物質名詞具體化,相同還是抽象詞;

  三餐四季有修飾,感嘆句中有名單。

  ①泛指的單數可數名詞前和首次提到的單數可數名詞前;

  ②表示又一個,某一個(a second;a certain...)

  ③具體化的物質名詞和抽象名詞前(a success,a surprise...)

  ④有修飾詞的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper,a warm winter)

  ⑤感嘆句中有單數可數名詞。(How lovely a girl!) 

  【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.

  A.the;/

  B./;the

  C.the;the

  D./;/

  【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

  —It is not your fault.With ________ rush-hour traffic and ________ heavy rain,it is no wonder you were late.

  A.a;a

  B.the;the

  C./;/

  D./;a

  【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.

  A.a;/

  B.the;/

  C.the;an

  D.a;the

  【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9-story building.

  A.the;the

  B.a;a

  C.a;the

  D.the;a

  定冠詞的用法

  特指雙熟悉,上文已提及;

  世上獨無二,序數最高級;

  某些專有名,習語和樂器。

  ①特指某些人或事物;②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物;③上文已經提到的人或事物;④世界上獨一無二的事物前;⑤序數詞、形容詞的最高級前;⑥某些專有名詞前;⑦一些習慣短語(如in the day等)中和西洋樂器名詞前(如:play the piano) 

  【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.

  A./;/

  B.the;/

  C.the;the

  D./;the

  【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.

  A./;the

  B.the;/

  C.an;the

  D.the;a

  【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.

  A./;a

  B.a; /

  C.the;a

  D.a;the

  【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.

  A.a;/

  B./;the

  C.a;the

  D./;/

  不用冠詞的情況口訣

  下列情況應免冠,代詞限定名詞前:

  專有名詞表泛指,學科球類三餐前;

  復數名詞表泛指,兩節星期月份前;

  顏色語種和國名,稱呼習語及頭銜。

  以上口訣主要概括了一般應對“免冠”的幾種情況,即:

  ①名詞前已有作定語的this,that,some,my等限定詞;

  ②泛指的專有名詞和不可數名詞前;

  ③表示學科的(如English,maths,physics)等名詞前;

  ④球類運動的名詞前及三餐總稱前;

  ⑤復數名詞表示泛指(一類人或事物)時;

  ⑥節日、季節、星期、月份前;

  ⑦表示顏色(如:It's red/yellow)、語種(如:speak English/Japanese)和國家的非全稱名詞(如:We live in China.They come from America.)前;

    1. ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A.A;the

  B./;a

  C./;the

  D.The,the

  2. My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store,or some places close by to buy him ________ present.

  A.the;the

  B.a;the

  C./;a

  D.the;a

  3.— How did you do in your essay?

  —I got ________ okay grade,but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet,you know.

  A./;a

  B.an;/

  C./;the

  D.an;a

  4.It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.

  A./;/

  B.the;/

  C.the;a

  D.the;the

  5.—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?

  —________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.

  A.A;a

  B.A;the

  C.The;a

  D.The;/

  6.I don't know who invented ________ iphone,but I think it is ________ useful invention.

  A.the;a

  B.the;the

  C.an;the

  D.an;a

  7. Keeping a diary is ________ good habit,by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.

  A.a;a

  B.a;/

  C.the;a

  D.the;/

  8.—Have you seen ________ pen?I left it here this morning.

  —Is it ________ black one?I found it in the corner.

  A.a;the

  B.the;the

  C.a;a

  D.the;a

  9. The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.

  A.a;the

  B.a;/

  C./;the

  D./;/

  10. As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment,it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.

  A.the;/

  B./;/

  C.the;a

  D.an;the

  冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題,而且基本都設兩空。一般情況下,試題的情景較為曲折,句式以復合句為主。另外,在短文改錯和語法填空中也常常涉及冠詞的考查。考查要點主要包括:

  1.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。

  2.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級前冠詞的使用情況。

  3.考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。

  4.考查零冠詞的運用。另外,還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。

  復習冠詞須把握好以下三個原則:

  (1)單數可數名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指;

  (2)復數可數名詞及不可數名詞表示泛指時,其前不加冠詞;

  (3)無論可數名詞還是不可數名詞,表示特指時,其前都要加定冠詞the。

  2024年高考將繼續把冠詞的基本用法作為考查重點,而冠詞的活用仍會成為2024年高考考查的難點。

  一定冠詞

  1.表示特指。

  Pass me the magazine on the desk.

  請把桌上的雜志遞給我。

  二不定冠詞

  3.用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。

  He was a success in business.

  他是事業成功人士。

  三零冠詞

  1.用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復數名詞等之前。

  Knowledge begins with practice.

  知識從實踐開始。

  Teachers should be respected.

  教師應該受到尊重。

  2.東、西方都有的節日名稱前不用冠詞,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中國的節日一般用定冠詞,如:the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。

  3.月份、日期前一般不用冠詞,如:in October, on March 8等。

  4.三餐名詞前不用冠詞,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。

  但有定語修飾時需加不定冠詞,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。

  5.表示體育運動的名詞前不用冠詞,如:play football/cards/chess等;但樂器名詞前需加定冠詞,如:play the violin/the piano等。

  6.用于作表語、補足語、同位語的唯一職位名詞前。

  John is captain of the team.

  約翰是這個隊的隊長。

  They elected him president of the society.

  他們選他為協會會長。

  7.用于表示“變成”的turn后、作表語的單數名詞前。

  He was a teacher before he turned writer.

  他成為作家之前是教師。

  10.用于某些獨立主格結構中。

  The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).

  老師走了進來,手里拿著書。

  四冠詞在固定搭配中的用法

  1.用在表示計量的名詞前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如果表示單位的名詞為不可數名詞,之前不用冠詞,如by weight, by height等。

  2.在句型“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體某部位”中的the不可用人稱代詞替代。

  take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂

  hit sb. in the face 打某人的臉

  此外,在be red in the face (臉紅), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等結構中,名詞前要用the。

  3.用于某些習慣用法,如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然,不知所措)等。

  4.有些習語中有無冠詞意義完全不同。如:

  1.(2024·福建,21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development.A.the;a

  B.a;a

  C.a;the

  D.the;the

  2.(2024·江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.

  A.a;/

  B.the;the

  C.a;the

  D./;/

  【答案】A

  3.(2024·山東,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.

  A./;a

  B.a;the

  C.the;a

  D.the;/

  4.(2024·江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.

  A.the;a

  B.a;/

  C./;the

  D.the;the

  5.(2024·浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.

  A.a;an

  B.a;/

  C./;the

  D.the;an

  6.(2024·重慶,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.

  A.a;/

  B.the; /

  C.the; an

  D.a; an

   【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.

  A.a; a

  B.a;the

  C.the;a

  D.the;the

  【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.

  A.a;a

  B.a;the

  C.the;the

  D.a;/

  【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.

  A.a;the

  B.the;the

  C.a;a

  D.the;a

  【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.

  A.the;the

  B.a;a

  C.a;/

  D./;a

  不定冠詞的用法

  泛指單數和首提,某個/每個/又一個;

  物質名詞具體化,相同還是抽象詞;

  三餐四季有修飾,感嘆句中有名單。

  ①泛指的單數可數名詞前和首次提到的單數可數名詞前;

  ②表示又一個,某一個(a second;a certain...)

  ③具體化的物質名詞和抽象名詞前(a success,a surprise...)

  ④有修飾詞的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper,a warm winter)

  ⑤感嘆句中有單數可數名詞。(How lovely a girl!) 

  【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.

  A.the;/

  B./;the

  C.the;the

  D./;/

  【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

  —It is not your fault.With ________ rush-hour traffic and ________ heavy rain,it is no wonder you were late.

  A.a;a

  B.the;the

  C./;/

  D./;a

  【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.

  A.a;/

  B.the;/

  C.the;an

  D.a;the

  【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9-story building.

  A.the;the

  B.a;a

  C.a;the

  D.the;a

  定冠詞的用法

  特指雙熟悉,上文已提及;

  世上獨無二,序數最高級;

  某些專有名,習語和樂器。

  ①特指某些人或事物;②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物;③上文已經提到的人或事物;④世界上獨一無二的事物前;⑤序數詞、形容詞的最高級前;⑥某些專有名詞前;⑦一些習慣短語(如in the day等)中和西洋樂器名詞前(如:play the piano) 

  【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.

  A./;/

  B.the;/

  C.the;the

  D./;the

  【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.

  A./;the

  B.the;/

  C.an;the

  D.the;a

  【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.

  A./;a

  B.a; /

  C.the;a

  D.a;the

  【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.

  A.a;/

  B./;the

  C.a;the

  D./;/

  不用冠詞的情況口訣

  下列情況應免冠,代詞限定名詞前:

  專有名詞表泛指,學科球類三餐前;

  復數名詞表泛指,兩節星期月份前;

  顏色語種和國名,稱呼習語及頭銜。

  以上口訣主要概括了一般應對“免冠”的幾種情況,即:

  ①名詞前已有作定語的this,that,some,my等限定詞;

  ②泛指的專有名詞和不可數名詞前;

  ③表示學科的(如English,maths,physics)等名詞前;

  ④球類運動的名詞前及三餐總稱前;

  ⑤復數名詞表示泛指(一類人或事物)時;

  ⑥節日、季節、星期、月份前;

  ⑦表示顏色(如:It's red/yellow)、語種(如:speak English/Japanese)和國家的非全稱名詞(如:We live in China.They come from America.)前;

    1. ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A.A;the

  B./;a

  C./;the

  D.The,the

  2. My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store,or some places close by to buy him ________ present.

  A.the;the

  B.a;the

  C./;a

  D.the;a

  3.— How did you do in your essay?

  —I got ________ okay grade,but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet,you know.

  A./;a

  B.an;/

  C./;the

  D.an;a

  4.It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.

  A./;/

  B.the;/

  C.the;a

  D.the;the

  5.—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?

  —________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.

  A.A;a

  B.A;the

  C.The;a

  D.The;/

  6.I don't know who invented ________ iphone,but I think it is ________ useful invention.

  A.the;a

  B.the;the

  C.an;the

  D.an;a

  7. Keeping a diary is ________ good habit,by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.

  A.a;a

  B.a;/

  C.the;a

  D.the;/

  8.—Have you seen ________ pen?I left it here this morning.

  —Is it ________ black one?I found it in the corner.

  A.a;the

  B.the;the

  C.a;a

  D.the;a

  9. The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.

  A.a;the

  B.a;/

  C./;the

  D./;/

  10. As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment,it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.

  A.the;/

  B./;/

  C.the;a

  D.an;the

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