2024版英語一輪精品復習學案：Unit4 Making the news（新人教版必修5）

　　【高考新動向】

　　【考綱全景透析】

　　【重點單詞】

　　1. concentrate on 集中；全神貫注于

　　【歸納拓展】concentrate one’s mind/ attention on （upon） 把注意力集中在

　　同義詞組：fix one’ s attention on

　　focus onbe absorbed in

　　如果指較長時間的全心全意做某事，用下面短語：

　　put one’s heart into sth.

　　devote oneself to sth. /doing sth.

　　concentrated adj. 極度的，緊張的，濃縮的

　　concentrated study/hate/effort 緊張的學習/強烈的仇恨/專心致志的努力

　　concentrated fire

　　集中的火力

　　concentrated food

　　濃縮食品concentration n. 集中， 專心

　　with deep concentration專心I can't concentrate (on my studies) with all that noise going on.

　　吵鬧聲不絕于耳, 我精神無法集中（于學習）.

　　We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.

　　我們必須致力改進教育工作

　　Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects.

　　我因法語考試不及格而決心專攻理科This firm concentrates on the European market.

　　這公司把工作重點集中在歐洲市場【即】（1）___________________________ your study if you want to catch up with the class.

　　（答案： Put your heart into/Concentrate your mind on）

　　（2）He _____________________ helping the people in need. He set a good example to us.

　　(答案： devoted himself to)① Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.

　　地址若有變更請盡快通知我們。

　　② We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.

　　我們很遺憾地通知你，你的申請未被接受。

　　③ Please keep me fully informed of any developments.

　　事態(tài)如有發(fā)展，請向我提供詳情。

　　的承受者，故選B。

　　4．case

　　n.事；事例

　　case 的義項比較多，可作“情形；場合；狀況；事實；實情；案件；訴訟；病癥；病例”講

　　① as is often the case 這是常有的事

　　② as the case stands 在目前的情況下，就現(xiàn)有的情況而論

　　③ in this / that case 如果是這樣／那樣的話

　　④ in any case 無論如何，總之

　　⑤ in case (that)-clause 假使。如果，萬一

　　⑥ in case of 萬一……，如果發(fā)生……

　　⑦ (just)in case 以防(萬一) (引導虛擬語氣)

　　⑧ in most cases 在大多數(shù)情況下

　　Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.

　　倘若太陽很害，你就把帽子戴上

　　In case of rain they can't go.

　　萬一下雨，他們就不能去了

　　This is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty.

　　這只是個愚蠢的例子,并非不誠實

　　The police have a clear case against the prisoner.

　　警察有充足的事實對付那個囚犯

　　In this case I'm acting for my friend Mr Smith.

　　我在這次訴訟中代表我的朋友史密斯的利益

　　【即用】1. As you can imagine, everything in our

　　school is_______________ . (狀況良好)

　　2. _________________(如果) snow, you

　　must put on your heavy coat.

　　3. You shouldn’t speak in class.

　　______________________(如果是那樣的話), you can’t hear

　　what the teacher says.

　　4. You shouldn’t get angry with your teacher____________(無論如何).

　　5. ______________(決不) can you hurt our feeling as well as friendship.

　　6. The naughty girl made a face in class

　　yesterday, _____________(正如往常那樣).

　　7. You should take some measures ________________(根據(jù)具體的情況).

　　8. Everything here is normal ______________________(就目前的情況而言).

　　9. Your article is well written _______________________(就所有情況而言).

　　10. The little girl hid the story book _____________(以防) her teacher would see it.

　　(答案: 1. in good case 2. In case of 3. In that case 4. in any case 5. In no case 6. as is often / usually the case 7. as the case may be 8. as the case stands 9. in all case 10. in case)

　　4．a(chǎn)ccuse

　　vt. accused, accusing 控告；指控 1). 表示因某事而控告、指控、指責某人，通常用accuse sb of (doing) sth，其中的介詞of doing sth不能改為for doing sth，也不能換成to do sth。

　　2）. 其后不能接that從句或動名詞作賓語，如不能將“他們控告他受賄”譯作 They accused (him) that he took bribes. / They accused his taking bribes. 可改作They accused him of taking bribes.

　　3）. 若表示“指控某人為…”，則用介詞as：They accused him as an accomplice. 他們指控他為從犯

　　4）. the accused指“被告”，可指一人或多人，用作主語時，謂語視具體情況使用單數(shù)或復數(shù)：The accused was a girl. 被告是個女孩。/ Two of the accused were sentenced to imprisonment. 有兩個被告被判監(jiān)禁

　　The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他謀殺

　　The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盜竊罪

　　Mary was accused as an accomplice. 瑪麗被指控為同謀犯

　　【歸納比較】accuse/charge

　　兩個動詞都有“控訴，指控”之意，但它們后面所搭配的介詞不同

　　accuse v.指控，控訴，與介詞of連用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盜竊罪。

　　charge v.可以指因為小錯而受的責備，也指因違法而受到控告，與介詞with連用

　　The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了謀殺罪

　　in charge of 主管,看管

　　in(under)the charge of 在……的掌管下 charge sb. with 指控某人……… charge(sb.)…(money)for sth. 要價,要(某人)付….(錢)買某物 take charge 開始管理,接管【即】改錯

　　1）The police accused him for theft.2）He was accused for an accomplice.

　　3）The accuser was acquitted.

　　（答案：1）theft改為stealing 2） for改為as 3) The accuser was 改為The accused were.）

　　deny

　　vt.

　　denied, denying

　　否認；否定；拒絕相信

　　deny的意思還有“背棄；摒棄

　　拒絕；不給；不予；不允許”

　　deny oneself 自制；克己；舍棄

　　deny doing(否認做過某事)；

　　deny sb. sth(拒絕給某人某物)

　　deny+that從句

　　He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I denied it. 他說我偷了他的自行車，可是我否認了

　　He denied his country.

　　他背棄了自己的國家

　　He denies his wife nothing.

　　他對他的妻子有求必應

　　【歸納比較】deny /decline /refuse /reject 都含“拒絕”的意思

　　▲deny指“堅定地否認某事為真實的”,如: He denied the charge. 他否認了控告

　　▲decline 指“較正式地、有禮貌地謝絕”,如: He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。主要用于拒絕有關社交活動的邀請或要求幫助的請求，后接名詞或動詞不定式，主語只能是人 I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀請她和我們在一起，可是她婉言謝絕了

　　▲refuse 系普通用語,指“堅決、果斷或坦率地(不友善地)拒絕”, 如: He refused to take the money. 他拒絕接受此款

　　▲reject指“以否定、敵對的態(tài)度而當面拒絕”(指通過拋棄或送走、專橫地拒絕), 主語可以是人或物，后接名詞，不能接動詞不定式。如: They rejected damaged goods. 他們拒收損壞的貨物。He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次約她去看電影，但每一次都被拒絕

　　【即用】If your race car isn’t insured, you may ?????losing everything when it hits something solid.A. delay????? ??????? ?B. deny???? ????????????? ??C. avoid??? ???????????? ?D. risk

　　（答案D）

　　① There have been demands for the prime minister to resign.

　　已有許多人要求首相辭職。

　　② After school Tom demanded help from /of me.

　　放學后，湯姆要求我?guī)椭?/p>

　　③ She demanded that I (should) tell everything to her about it .

　　她要求我把知道的整個事情都告訴她

　　【重點短語】

　　demand on 依靠；依賴

　　① He depend on his parents to take care of the children.

　　他依靠父母照顧孩子。

　　② Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.

　　孩子們依靠父母供給衣食。

　　③ ---- Is he coming? 他來嗎？

　　---That depends. He may not have time.

　　那要看情況。他不一定有時間。

　　2. ahead of

　　adv., adj. 在前；向前；提前

　　【歸納拓展】ahead of, 注意以下用法：

　　(1) 指時間或空間的“在…之前”：

　　He is always ahead of the age. 他總是走在時代的前面。

　　(2) 表示“比…強 (高)” (主要用作表語)：

　　He’s ahead of me in English. 他的英語比我強。

　　He is two classes ahead of me. 他比我高兩班。

　　(3) 用于 ahead of time, 意為“提前”或“提早”：

　　The work was done ahead of time. 工作提前完成了。

　　He didn’t want go there ahead of time. 他不想提前去那兒。

　　有時用于 ahead of schedule：

　　Walk straight ahead until you reach the river.

　　一直朝前走到河邊

　　The road ahead was full of cattle.

　　前面的路上擠滿了牛群

　　Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time.

　　由于我們的共同努力，任務提前完成了He left one day ahead of me.

　　他比我早走一天。

　　Ahead of us is a river.

　　我們前面是一條河【即學即用】他提前完成了工作。（漢譯英）

　　__________________________________________________

　　（答案：He finished his job ahead of schedule.）

　　3.so as to

　　目的是，以便

　　【歸納拓展】so as to 意為“為了，目的是”后接動詞原形，在句中作目的狀語，其否定形式為so as not to do sth.,可以轉(zhuǎn)化成so that引導的目的狀語從句。另外，in order to也可以做目的狀語，但是so as to和so that引導的目的狀語不可置于句首，且so that 目的狀語從句的謂語動詞常含有can, could, may, might等詞1）She got up early in order to（so as to）catch the early bus.

　　為了趕上早班車，她起得很早

　　＝In order to catch the early bus, she got up early.

　　2）He spoke loudly so as to be heard.他大聲說話，以便讓人聽到【即用】

　　（1）Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.

　　A．so not as to

　　B．so as not to

　　C．so as to not

　　D．not so as to

　　（2）She searched the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock.

　　A．to have rested

　　B．resting

　　C．to rest

　　D．rest

　　① Never before has our country been as united as it is .

　　現(xiàn)在我們的國家空前團結(jié)。

　　② Not only does he know French ,but also he is an expert at it.

　　他不僅懂法語，而且很精通。

　　③ Seldom does he go to the park at weekends.

　　在周末，他很少去公園。

　　His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin (HX),was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.

　　他與他的新老板胡新的討論對他的記者生涯會產(chǎn)生重要影響。

　　be to do 在句中表示后來發(fā)生的事，常翻譯為“注定會。。。。，一定。。。。。。”。

　　① If we are to be there on time ,we’d better go now.

　　如果我們想按時到哪兒，我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。

　　② The meeting is to be held this afternoon..

　　會議今天下午舉行。

　　③ I was about to leave when it began to rain.

　　我正要離開，這時開始下雨了。

　　【熱點難點全析】

　　倒裝

　　英語句子的自然語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。把謂語動詞提前，就叫倒裝。如果把全部謂語放在主語之前，叫全部倒裝；如果只把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前就叫部分倒裝。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)通常用于下列場合：

　　I. 全部倒裝

　　1. 用于there be句型。例如：

　　There are many students in the classroom.

　　2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物動詞+主語”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副詞開頭的句子里，以表示強調(diào)。例如：

　　① Here comes the bus.

　　② There goes the bell.

　　③ Now comes your turn.

　　④ Out went the children.

　　注意：代詞作主語時，主謂語序不變。例如：

　　⑤ Here it is

　　⑥ Here he comes.

　　3. 當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時，也常常引起全部倒裝。例如：

　　① South of the city lies a big steel factory.

　　② From the valley came a frightening sound.

　　4. 表語置于句首時，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語＋連系動詞＋主語”

　　1）形容詞+連系動詞+主語

　　Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.

　　2）過去分詞+連系動詞+主語

　　Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.

　　3）介詞短語+be+主語

　　Among the goods are Christmas trees，flowers，candles and toys.

　　5. 用于以so，nor，neither開頭的句子，表示重復前句部分內(nèi)容。原句的謂語應與前句謂語的時態(tài)、形式相一致例如：

　　①He has been to Beijing. So have I.

　　②Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.

　　6. 為了保持句子平衡，或為了強調(diào)表語或狀語，或使上下文緊密銜接時

　　①They arrived at a farmhouse，in front of which sat a small boy.

　　②Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.

　　Ⅱ. 部分倒裝

　　1. 用于疑問句。例如：

　　Do you speak English?

　　2. 省略了if的條件句中，were，had或should可提到句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝例如：

　　①Were I not so busy，I should go with you.