2024高考英語一輪語法對點講練:3 冠詞
語法對點講練三 冠詞
一、不定冠詞
知識點講解
泛指某一類人、事、物,相當于any。
I know that the pressure to stay slim is a problem, especially for an actress.
泛指某人或某物,但不具體指明何人或何物,相當于a certain或some。
A John called you just now.
表示數量,有“一”的意思,相當于one。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
表示“每一”,相當于per。
The car is travelling at 100 miles an hour.
用于序數詞前,表示“又一;再一”。
Please give me a second chance.
抽象名詞具體化,表示一個具體情況,一個具體動作。
Their performance became a success.
在一些物質名詞前加不定冠詞,表示“一陣;一場;一份;一種”。
There will be a heavy storm.
用于有形容詞修飾的一日三餐前。
He has a light breakfast every morning.
用于有形容詞修飾的季節、日期前。
We had a very hot summer.
We had a wonderful Sunday.
與形容詞比較級連用,表示“一個更……的……”。
用于so, as, too, how等修飾的形容詞之后,單數可數名詞前。
This is too small a room for us to live in.
用在such, what, many, half等詞后,修飾單數可數名詞。
What a beautiful flower it is!
與most+adj.連用,修飾單數可數名詞。
That's a most expensive supper.
用于同源賓語中。
Live a happy life.
用在固定搭配中:
all of a sudden, in a word, come to an end, in a hurry, take a walk, make a living, at a loss等。
對點訓練
完成下列小題,并指出考查上述哪個知識點(~)
第一組 單項填空
1.(2024·山東卷)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.
A. /; a
B. a; the
C. the; a
D. the; /
答案 __B__ 知識點 ____
解析 第一個空泛指“一個寒冷冬天的夜晚”,故用不定冠詞a;第二個空特指“晚上的天空”,故用定冠詞the。
2.(2024·徐州考前模擬)It is now ________ universally accepted concept that ________ early education should focus on children's happiness.
A. an; /
B. an; /
C. a; /
D. the; the
答案 __C__ 知識點 ____
解析 concept作“概念”講時是可數名詞,表示泛指用不定冠詞a。universally以輔音音素開頭,不用an。education在此泛指“教育”的概念,為抽象名詞,不加冠詞。故選C項。
3.(2024·福建卷)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony, peace and development.
A. the; a
B. a; a
C. a; the
D. the; the
答案 __B__ 知識點 ____
解析 句意:中國夢是一個改進人們生活水平的夢,一個和諧、和平和發展的夢。在句中dream是可數名詞且為泛指,故兩處都填a。
4.(2024·陜西五校三模)— Can you finish the book in ________ month or two?
— Yes, it's out of ________ question.
A. a; the
B. the; /
C. the; a
D. a; /
答案 __D__ 知識點 ____
解析 第一空使用不定冠詞a,表示數量“一”的概念,相當于one。out of question“毫無疑問”; out of the question“絕不可能”,根據句意,不使用冠詞。故選D項。
5.(2024·江西卷)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A. a; /
B. the; the
C. a; the
D. /; /
答案 __A__ 知識點 ____
解析 a lower form of life“一種更低級的生命形態”。man指人類為不可數名詞,不用冠詞。
第二組 語法填空
6.— May I have ________ break, mum?
— Didn't you have ________ short one an hour ago?
答案 a;_a 知識點 ____
解析 have a break“休息一下”,為固定搭配。第二空one代指break, have a short break“短暫休息一下”。
7.I usually have ________ hamburger while waiting for ________ 7:00 school bus.
答案 a;_the 知識點 ____
解析 不定冠詞用在物質名詞前表示“一份;一類;一陣”,故第一空填a。第二空特指七點鐘的那輛校車,使用定冠詞the。
8.— What about ________ passage?
— It's too difficult ________ passage for me.
答案 the;_a 知識點 ____
解析 第一個空填the,表示談話雙方都知道的;第二個空填a,是“形容詞+不定冠詞+單數名詞”的用法。
9.(2024·淄博二模)We do have ________ Bob here, but he is not that Bob, chairman of our company.
答案 __a__ 知識點 ____
解析 Bob為一個人名,通常前邊不使用冠詞,此處使用不定冠詞a表示泛指“一個叫……的人;一個像……的人”。
二、定冠詞
知識點講解
①用于單數可數名詞前,表示一類人或物。
The cat, like the dog, is a lovely creature.
特指雙方都知道的人或物,或再次提到上文提到過的人或物。
I like the novel you lent me last week.
特指世上獨一無二的事物。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?
用在某些形容詞、過去分詞、v.-ing形式前表示一類人或事物。
The rich should help the poor.
The dead no longer need. We must do something for the living, including the injured.
用于序數詞、最高級、only、very、same前。
We made the same mistake at the same moment.
We live on the twenty-third floor, the highest floor of this building.
用在姓氏復數形式前,表示一家人或某某夫婦。
the Smiths, the Browns
用于由某些普通名詞構成的國家、機關、團體等專有名詞前。
the People's Republic of China
用在形容詞比較級前,表示“兩者中……的一個”。
Of the two sisters, Lily is the younger.
用在世紀、年代、時期或朝代的名詞前。
in the 1990s', the Han Dynasty
用在山河、節日、海洋等名詞前。
the Huanghe River, the Spring Festival
用于西洋樂器名稱前。
the piano, the guitar, the violin
用在身體部位名稱前,相當于物主代詞(動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位)。
hit sb.on the head
用在方位或發明物前,但當方位詞同of短語構成方位副詞短語時,其前不用冠詞。
invented the computer, in the east of Beijing
Taiwan lies southeast of Fujian.
用在表示具體的計量的名詞前。
by the hour, by the dozen
用在固定搭配中。
the other day, on the whole, in the distance, in the future, on the contrary, on the increase
對點訓練
完成下列小題,并指出考查上述哪個知識點(~)
第一組 單項填空
1.(2024·陜西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A. the; a
B. a; /
C. /; the
D. the; the
答案 __D__ 知識點 __,__
解析 專有名詞四大洋前要用定冠詞the,又因“在幾世紀”常用固定結構“in the+序數詞+century”,故選項D正確。
2.(2024·重慶卷)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A. a; /
B. the; /
C. the; an
D. a; an
答案 __C__ 知識點 ____
解析 由news后的that從句可知為特指;第二空為表示數量。
3.(2024·濰坊仿真四)The education of ________ young is always ________ hot and serious topic.
A. the; a
B. /; /
C. /; the
D. the; /
答案 __A__ 知識點 ____
解析 young是名詞化的形容詞,定冠詞與此類詞語連用表示“一類人或事物”。the young“年輕人”。第二空表示泛指,用不定冠詞a。a hot and serious topic“一個熱門且嚴肅的話題”。故選A項。
4.(2024·北京順義區第二次統考)________ Brown Bear in Russia is more or less ________ same animal as the Grizzly Bear in North America.
A. The; the
B. A; a
C. The; a
D. A; the
答案 __A__ 知識點 __,__
解析 Brown Bear in Russia和Grizzly Bear in North America都是由普通名詞構成的專有名詞,其前使用定冠詞the。第二空the same ... as為固定搭配。故選A項。
第二組 語法填空
5.The bus to the Forbidden City runs on ________ hour by ________ hour.
答案 the;_the 知識點 __,__
解析 句意:去紫禁城的公交車按小時整點發車。on the hour“在整點”固定短語; by the hour“按小時計算”。
6.As we all know, Steve Jobs is ________ man of great achievement, who is considered one of ________ greatest businessmen of our time.
答案 a;_the 知識點 ____
解析 a man of great achievement“一位有巨大成就的人”, a表示數量“一”;第二個空填the,是the與形容詞最高級連用。
7.The biggest whale is ________ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 metres long—the height of ________ 9-story building.
答案 the; _a 知識點 ____
解析 第一個空填the, the用在單數名詞前表示類屬;第二個空填a表示“一”, the height of a 9-story building“九層樓的高度”。
8.I don't know who invented ________ iPhone, but I think it is ________ useful invention.
答案 the;_a 知識點 ____
解析 第一個空填the,定冠詞用于表示發明物的單數名詞前; useful以輔音音素開頭,用a不用an。
三、零冠詞的用法
知識點講解
①在專有名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞前。
Iron and steel plays an important role in industry.
Happiness is a direction, not a place.
②復數名詞泛指一類人或物或表示不定量的人或物時。
Newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio and television are the most common places to find advertisements.
③在星期、月份、季節和節假日前。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
特別提示
④特定意義的月份、季節和中國傳統節日的名詞前通常加定冠詞。
the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival
I don't like the spring of Jinan.
⑤在稱呼語前或表示獨一無二的頭銜、職務的名詞作表語、補語、同位語時。
Doctor, I'm not feeling myself today.
I'm captain of the class team.
⑥表示學科、三餐、語言、棋類和球類運動的名詞前。
They can choose other subjects like Art, Computer, Science or languages such as Spanish and German.
特別提示
⑦三餐前有修飾語或特指某頓飯時,可用冠詞;表示語言的名詞與language連用時,加定冠詞the。
⑧與by連用的交通和通訊工具前。
by train, by bus, by sea, by boat
⑨系動詞turn后的單數名詞作表語時。
His brother has turned writer.
⑩由音譯地名組成的街道、廣場、公園、旅館、大學等名稱前。
Beihai Park, East Chang'an Street
and連接兩種身份組成的一個人或事物時,后者不用冠詞。
a worker and writer
名詞前已有指示代詞、物主代詞、所有格等限定詞時。
This is my address.
I like this flower.
as, though引導的讓步狀語從句中,單數可數名詞作表語提至句首時。
Child as he is, he knows quite a lot about the history of China.
no such后的名詞前。
No such thing has ever happened in our school.
某些固定搭配中。
at first, at table, by way of, day by day, keep in mind, on purpose等。
下列短語有無冠詞意義不同:
對點訓練
完成下列小題,并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①~)
1.I have joined ________ health club across the street to get in ________ shape.
A. the; / B. a; /
C. the; the
D. a; a
答案 __A__ 知識點 ____
解析 health club有across the street限定,表示特指,使用定冠詞the修飾。get in shape“保持體型;恢復身體”,為固定搭配,不使用冠詞。故選A項。
2.(2024·山東模擬卷三)There is ________ small temple on the island, which can only be reached by ________ water.
A. a; /
B. a; the
C. the; the
D. the; /
答案 __A__ 知識點 __⑧__
解析 small temple表示泛指“島上的一個小廟”,用不定冠詞修飾。by water“走水路;經由水路”,為固定用法。故選A項。
3.(2024·煙臺5月練習三)When my sister left ________ college, she got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office.A. a; the
B. /; a
C. the; the
D. a; /
答案 __B__ 知識點 ____
解析 leave college“大學畢業”; leave the college“離開學院”,根據句意,第一空不填冠詞。as a reporter“作為一名記者”, a表示類屬。故選B項。
4.Doctor Zhang, an honest expert on ________ subject, will give us a lecture on nation-wide water shortage ________ next Friday.