2024屆高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)：Unit 4 Sharing（新人教版選修7）

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　　Unit 4 Sharing

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　(2024·廣東四校第一次聯(lián)考)

　　The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States. The institute stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. MIT's early emphasis on applied technology at the undergraduate and graduate levels led to close cooperation with industry. Curricular reforms under Karl Compton and Vannevar Bush in the 1930s emphasized basic science. MIT was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934. Today, the institute comprises various academic departments with a strong emphasis on scientific, engineering, and technological education and research.

　　MIT is one of the most selective higher learning institutions, and received 18,357 undergraduate applicants for the class of 2024—only admitting 1,419, an acceptance rate of 7.73%.

　　MIT's 168-acre campus spans approximately a mile of the north side of the Charles River basin in the city of Cambridge. The campus is divided roughly in half by Massachusetts Avenue, with most dormitories and student life facilities to the west and most academic buildings to the east. MIT's on-campus nuclear reactor is one of the most powerful university-based nuclear reactors in the United States. In 1999 Bill Gates donated $20 million to MIT for the construction of computer laboratory named the “William H. Gates Building”. While Microsoft had previously given financial support to the institution, this was the first personal donation received from Gates. Other notable campus facilities include a pressurized wind tunnel and a towing tank for testing ship and ocean structure designs.

　　文章大意：本文主要是對(duì)麻省理工學(xué)院的概述，簡(jiǎn)單介紹了其發(fā)展及校園概貌。

　　1．From the passage, we know MIT________.

　　A．is a public research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

　　B．became a member of the Association of American Universities in 1934

　　C．was founded to improve the development of agriculture of the United States

　　D．a(chǎn)t present puts emphasis on applied technology

　　答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“MIT was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934”可知答案。

　　2．If there are 30,000 undergraduates applying for admission to MIT, only about ________ of them will succeed.

　　A．1,319

　　B．2,319

　　C．3,319

　　D．4,319

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。由第二段中的“an acceptance rate of 7.73%”可知答案，故列式為30000×7.73%＝2319。

　　3．On MIT's campus, you can't find ________.

　　A．Massachusetts Avenue

　　B．a(chǎn) nuclear reactor

　　C．a(chǎn) pressurized wind tunnel

　　D．the Charles River

　　答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段第一句“MIT's 168-acre campus spans approximately a mile of the north side of the Charles River basin in the city of Cambridge”可知這條河不在麻省理工學(xué)院內(nèi)。

　　4．The passage is written mainly to ________.

　　A．present Bill Gate's contributions to MIT

　　B．encourage more students to apply to MIT

　　C．give a brief introduction of MIT

　　D．a(chǎn)ttract more visitors to Massachusetts

　　答案：C　寫作意圖題。全文都在客觀介紹麻省理工學(xué)院，故作者寫此文的目的就是介紹該學(xué)校。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　(2024·洛陽統(tǒng)考)

　　In a food store I heard a woman say her foot was hurt and that she was going to call a cab. When walking back home I saw her outside the store, probably __1__ for a cab.

　　I asked her where she was going. She told me a place which was actually on the __2__ to the craft store I'd be __3__ to. So I asked her to __4__ the cab and I'd give her a ride. To my __5__， she said okay without __6__. I wonder if I'd have been so __7__ if a stranger made me the same offer!

　　Where she was going was __8__ on the way to where I was going. It was such a __9__ coincidence. But there was more!

　　When I had __10__ what I went for and was waiting at the checkout, the woman behind me said she had a coupon (優(yōu)惠券) for 50% off any __11__ in the store. She gave it to me because she had a(n) __12__ one! I thanked and gave her a __13__ card.

　　They say what goes around comes around, but sometimes it is hard to see how that __14__ as there is often a “manifestation(顯現(xiàn)) delay”. Each action __15__ a ripple(漣漪) that eventually __16__ back to us, but sometimes it is much __17__ so we forget their connection.

　　Today the causes and effects have appeared in a linkable manner where in __18__ I'm also opening myself to receiving gifts, now or in the future. I can learn so much from others as to how __19__ they are to receive in a way I might not have been if __20__ the same gift.

　　文章大意：俗話說，善有善報(bào)。作者在幫助了一位女士之后，又得到了另一位女士的幫助。

　　1．A.caring

　　B．waiting

　　C．a(chǎn)pplying

　　D．ordering

　　答案：B　文章開頭提到聽見一位女士說自己的腳受傷了，并打算叫計(jì)程車可知，此處她應(yīng)該是在等計(jì)程車。

　　2．A.left

　　B．right

　　C．carriage

　　D．way

　　答案：D　她要去的地方實(shí)際上就在作者要去的工藝品店的那條路上。on the way to表示“在……的路上”。第8空后的“on the way to”也是提示。

　　3．A.driving

　　B．leading

　　C．walking

　　D．pulling

　　答案：A　根據(jù)下一句話可知，作者是開著車的。

　　4．A.take

　　B．postpone

　　C．cancel

　　D．charge

　　答案：C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者想叫這位女士取消打車，作者會(huì)載她一程。cancel“取消”。

　　5．A.sadness

　　B．a(chǎn)mazement

　　C．respect

　　D．disappointment

　　答案：B　這位女士毫不猶豫地答應(yīng)乘坐作者的車，這使作者很吃驚(amazement)。

　　6．A.hesitation

　　B．a(chǎn)im

　　C．doubt

　　D．delay

　　答案：A　參見上題解析。without hesitation“毫不猶豫”。

　　7．A.enthusiastic

　　B．inviting

　　C．trusting

　　D．puzzled

　　答案：C　作者想如果自己處于這種情況，是否也會(huì)這么容易相信陌生人。trusting“容易相信他人的，輕信的”。

　　8．A.very

　　B．universally

　　C．surely

　　D．right

　　答案：D　她要去的地方就在作者要去的地方的那條路上。right在此處為副詞，表示“就在(某個(gè)位置或地方)”。

　　9．A.shameful

　　B．beautiful

　　C．careful

　　D．frightful

　　答案：B　根據(jù)上一句話可知，兩人要去同一方向真是一個(gè)美好的巧合。此處可用排除法，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，只有B項(xiàng)符合語境。

　　10．A.picked up

　　B．put up

　　C．gave up

　　D．went up

　　答案：A　當(dāng)作者拿起要買的東西準(zhǔn)備付賬時(shí)，作者后面的女士說她有優(yōu)惠券。pick up“拿起”。

　　11．A.load

　　B．demand

　　C．limit

　　D．item

　　答案：D　購(gòu)買這家商店的任何商品都可以使用這張優(yōu)惠券。item“一件商品或物品”。

　　12．A.familiar

　　B．devoted

　　C．extra

　　D．important

　　答案：C　因?yàn)檫@位女士還有一張優(yōu)惠券，所以她把這張優(yōu)惠券給了作者。extra“額外的，另外的”。

　　13．A.post

　　B．smile

　　C．note

　　D．paper

　　答案：B　作者得到了這張優(yōu)惠券，當(dāng)然會(huì)很高興，于是給了女士一張微笑卡。

　　14．A.shares

　　B．compromises

　　C．recognizes

　　D．works

　　答案：D　俗話說，善有善報(bào)，但是有時(shí)很難明白是怎么回事，因?yàn)橥皇羌磿r(shí)報(bào)。work意為“起作用”。

　　15．A.creates

　　B．freezes

　　C．ships

　　D．a(chǎn)ffects

　　答案：A　我們的每個(gè)行為都會(huì)產(chǎn)生漣漪。create“產(chǎn)生”。

　　16．A.puts

　　B．holds

　　C．comes

　　D．keeps

　　答案：C　我們的行為所產(chǎn)生的影響最終又會(huì)回到我們身上，即指善有善報(bào)。come back“回來”。

　　17．A.easier

　　B．funnier

　　C．later

　　D．swifter

　　答案：C　因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)行為所產(chǎn)生的影響來得較遲，即不是即時(shí)報(bào)，因此我們會(huì)忘記它們之間的聯(lián)系。

　　18．A.giving

　　B．a(chǎn)ppreciating

　　C．persuading

　　D．demanding

　　答案：A　在給予中，自己也得到了回饋。giving與receiving呼應(yīng)。

　　19．A.close

　　B．open

　　C．confident

　　D．a(chǎn)nxious

　　答案：B　從他人那里作者學(xué)會(huì)了應(yīng)接受別人的幫助。由前一句中的“I'm also opening myself”可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。

　　20．A.brought

　　B．learned

　　C．booked

　　D．offered

　　答案：D　此處和文章第二段的第一句話呼應(yīng)，表示提供的幫助。

　　Ⅲ.語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　(2024·東北師大附中三模)

　　I enjoy doing physical training in my free time. Yesterday, when I was working out at a gym on my lunch hour, I saw __1__ elderly lady there riding on a bike. She couldn't walk very well, so she had a cane (手杖) near her, __2__ she was still there __3__(work) hard. After I finished my exercising, I told her that I was going to wait for her __4__ she got done and that I would walk her out to her car. It was a little far to her car and it was a __5__(fog) day yesterday in Missouri. I walked her to the car and opened the car door for her, __6__ won me her big smile and gratitude. I know __7__ is a small thing, but I felt so good inside for helping her. __8__ my help, she could have fallen so easily out in the wet parking lot, and no one would have known she had fallen. I knew she __9__(need) my help, and her smile was enough __10__(make) my day.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：本文是一英語小故事。作者敘述了發(fā)生在自己身邊的小故事，僅僅是因?yàn)樽约旱呐e手之勞讓一位老太太幸福一天，老太太的微笑讓作者幸福一天。送人玫瑰，手有余香。

　　1．命題立意：考查冠詞用法。

　　答案：an　根據(jù)上下文，elderly lady在文中第一次出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，故填an。

　　2．命題立意：考查連詞。

　　答案：but　根據(jù)空前后的分句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系判斷填but。

　　3．命題立意：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。

　　答案：working　根據(jù)前文的was，可知此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，she是work的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，故填working。

　　4．命題立意：考查連詞用法。

　　答案：until　根據(jù)前后句的關(guān)系判斷填until。

　　5．命題立意：考查形容詞用法。

　　答案：foggy　空后是day，名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，故填foggy。

　　6．命題立意：考查定語從句。

　　答案：which　空后是定語從句，which代替主句一句話的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語。故填which。

　　7．命題立意：考查代詞用法。

　　答案：it　根據(jù)前文作者幫助老太太的那件事，故填it。

　　8．命題立意：考查介詞用法。

　　答案：Without　根據(jù)下文的could have fallen推斷是“沒有我的幫助”，可知填without。

　　9．命題立意：考查時(shí)態(tài)用法。

　　答案：needed　根據(jù)前文的knew判斷填needed。

　　10．命題立意：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。

　　答案：to make　be enough to do足以……。

　　Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)

　　假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。

　　增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

　　刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。

　　修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

　　注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

　　2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

　　(2024·廣西南寧市二模)

　　I threw my magazines into a waste basket and decide to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. I stared at everything as if I were looking at it the first time. The day passed fast. I looked at my watch but was surprised that it was 300 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautifully. When my uncle arrived at with a smile, I threw my arm around him to give him a warm hug. I had never done this ago. He seemed surprising and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with the huge smile. We walked arm in arm to her car.

　　答案：

　　I threw my magazines into a waste basket and

　　to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. I stared at everything as if I were looking at it

　　the first time. The day passed fast. I looked at my watch

　　was surprised that it was 300 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked . When my uncle arrived at with a smile, I threw my

　　around him to give him a warm hug. I had never done this . He seemed

　　and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with

　　huge smile. We walked arm in arm to

　　car.

　　1．命題立意：考查時(shí)態(tài)用法。

　　解析：decide→decided　根據(jù)前文的threw說明應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故decide→decided。

　　2．命題立意：考查固定短語。

　　解析：the first前加for　for the first time第一次，故the first前加for。

　　3．命題立意：考查連詞用法。

　　解析：but→and　根據(jù)but前后分句是并列關(guān)系，故將but改為and。

　　4．命題立意：考查形容詞用法。

　　解析：beautifully→beautiful　文中l(wèi)ook是系動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用形容詞，判斷應(yīng)將beautifully改為beautiful。