gre作文備考資料：內(nèi)在驅(qū)動和外在刺激

由雕龍文庫 分享時間：2024-03-16 04:30:42 收藏本文

　　下面是小編為大家搜索整理的有關(guān)新gre作文備考素材，gre寫作是美國所有作文考試中質(zhì)量要求最高的一類作文考試，改革后的新gre作文寫作題目更加具體，考察考生完成題目的過程中是能夠融合批判性思維和分析性寫作能力，所以我們平時除了增強語言功底的同時還要注意素材的積累和提高勤于思考分析的能力。

　　內(nèi)在驅(qū)動和外在刺激

　　Drives and desires can be described as a deficiency or need that activates behavior that is aimed at a goal or an incentive. These are thought to originate within the individual and may not require external stimuli to encourage the behavior. Basic drives could be sparked by deficiencies such as hunger, which motivates a person to seek food; whereas more subtle drives might be the desire for praise and approval, which motivates a person to behave in a manner pleasing to others.

　　By contrast, the role of extrinsic rewards and stimuli can be seen in the example of training animals by giving them treats when they perform a trick correctly. The treat motivates the animals to perform the trick consistently, even later when the treat is removed from the process.

　　內(nèi)在動機與內(nèi)在驅(qū)動學(xué)生的三大特征

　　Intrinsic motivation is the drive for which people engage in an activity, without obvious external incentives, such as a hobby. Intrinsic motivation has been studied by educational psychologists since the 1970s, and numerous studies have found it to be associated with high educational achievement and enjoyment by students.

　　It is thought that students are more likely to be intrinsically motivated if they:

　　1. Attribute their educational results to internal factors that they can control .

　　2. Believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired goals .

　　3. Are interested in mastering a topic, rather than just rote-learning to achieve good grades.

　　情感對行為的影響

　　Human emotion has a significant influence on, or can even be said to control, human behavior, though historically many cultures and philosophers have for various reasons discouraged allowing this influence to go unchecked.

　　In modern scientific thought, certain refined emotions are considered to be a complex neural trait of many domesticated and a few non-domesticated mammals. These were commonly developed in reaction to superior survival mechanisms and intelligent interaction with each other and the

　　environment; as such, refined emotion is not in all cases as discrete and separate from natural neural function as was once assumed. Still, when humans function in civilized tandem, it has been noted that uninhibited acting on extreme emotion can lead to social disorder and crime.