2024屆高考英語(新課標全國卷Ⅰ)二輪復習課件:專題1 名詞、冠詞和代詞
3.用于序數詞前,表示“又一,再一”。 He missed the gold in the high jump,but will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比賽中錯失了金牌,但是在跳遠比賽中他還有機會。 二、定冠詞的基本用法 1.特指前面已提及的人或物,或雙方都知道的人或物。 Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 不著急——從這里到那家餐館只有很短的一段距離。 2.用于單數可數名詞或形容詞及分詞前,表“一類人或物”。 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. 爆炸發生后,人們趕到現場幫助受傷的人。 3.用于序數詞和形容詞或副詞最高級以及形容詞only,very,same等之前。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中國楊利偉是第一個登上太空的人。 4.用于被限制性修飾語加以限定的人或物前。 (2024·高考重慶卷,單項填空,改編)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我剛聽說多拉工作的銀行被一個戴面具的持槍人搶劫了。 三、零冠詞的基本用法 1.用于表示泛指的不可數或復數名詞前。 Keeping a diary is a good habit,by which you’ll make great progress. 記日記是一個可以讓你取得進步的好習慣。 2.用于與by連用的表示交通工具、通訊工具的名詞前。 Are you going there by plane or by ship? 你是乘飛機還是乘船去那里? 3.用于系動詞turn后的單數名詞作表語時。 After years of hard work,Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后,湯姆成了工程師而瑪麗成了一個好經理。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1.(2024·河南普通畢業班適應性練習)English is now_______ international language.It is used in many aspects. 2.(2024·北京石景山一模)The villagers have been searching for____________buried people without stop since the accident happened. 3.The experiment turned out to be ____________ complete failure, which wasn’t what they wanted. an the a Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.(2024·太原二模)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school. ________________ 2.(2024·河南六市第一次聯考)Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for more than three hours. ________________ 3.(2024·濟寧模擬)Hiking is great fun.You will get close to the nature and take exercise at the same time. ________________ 第二個a→an a→the 去掉第一個the 考點四 冠詞用于固定搭配中
1.(2024·山東煙臺模擬)If you don’t have_______good
knowledge of English,it’s out of question for you to use
it flexibly and fluently. 2.(2024·河北保定聯考)It is______waste of time,at times
the food is not fresh and does not taste delicious. a a 3.(2024·日照模擬)—Would you mind giving me advice on
how to improve my record? —If you make__________most of your potential,there will be a rise in your achievement. 4.(2024·南昌一模)In____________eyes of children,playing on the Internet can only bring them great fun. the the 一、常用固定結構 1.用于“by+the+表示計量單位的名詞”結構中,表示 “按……計算”。 —It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. ——據說,約翰將獲得一個年薪超過6萬美元的工作。 —Right,he will also get paid by the week. ——是的,他的工資將按周支付。 2.用于“the+比較級...the+比較級...”(越……越……)結構中。 The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心,就會越少犯錯誤。 二、冠詞用在固定短語中 1.不定冠詞用于固定搭配中 at a loss不知所措,困惑 all of a sudden
突然 in a hurry
匆忙的 as a rule
通常 be on a visit
參觀;拜訪 as a matter of fact
事實上 as a result
因此 be on a diet
節食 have a gift for
在某方面有天賦 have/catch a cold
感冒 make a living
謀生 have/take a rest
休息 in a way
從某種意義上說 give sb.a lift
讓某人搭便車 2.定冠詞用于固定短語中 at the moment
此刻;目前 at the same time
同時 not in the least
一點也不 on the contrary
相反 on the whole
總的來說 to tell the truth
說實話 in the distance
在遠處 on the other hand
另一方面 to the point
中肯;切題 make the most/best of
充分利用 by the way
順便說一下 go to the cinema/theater
去看電影/戲劇 in the middle of
在……中間 3.零冠詞用于固定短語中 on purpose
故意地 by chance
碰巧 catch/on fire
著火 at dawn/dusk
在黎明/黃昏 make room for
讓位 out of date
過時的 by sea
乘船 單句語法填空 1.(2024·臨沂模擬)With the development of society,our country is badly in need of those with____________better command of computer skills. 2.(2024·河南羅山高中二模)I said,“You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who wanted to give them____________hand in this world.” a a 3.(2024·山東濟南二模)And the headmaster had_______ hard time with all the homework! 4.(2024·石家莊二中一模)The tour will provide_____unique opportunity to stay with a British family for a week in _______hope that you will better understand the life there. a a the (1)判斷設空后的名詞是可數名詞還是不可數名詞,是單數還是復數。 (2)根據語境或語法結構確定是泛指還是特指。復數名詞或不可數名詞表泛指不加任何冠詞,單數可數 名詞表泛指時其前需要加不定冠詞;表特指須用定冠詞the。
(2024·高考陜西卷,語法和詞匯知識,改編) ________village where I was born has grown into________ town. 【解析】句意為:我出生的那個小村莊已經發展成了一個小 鎮。分析句子結構可知,village后有定語從句where I was
born修飾,故第一空為特指,用定冠詞the;由句意可知,小 村莊已經發展成了一個小鎮,故第二空為泛指,用不定冠詞 a,表示“一個”。 The a 考點五 代 詞
1.(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ,語法填空,節選)A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with____________(it) choking smog. 2.(2024·河南頂級名校5月模擬)Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought__________(they) food,clothes and shelter. its them 3.(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ,語法填空,節選)Then the driver
stood up and asked,“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last
stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh,dear!It’s______________(I)”. 4.(2024·江西上饒三模)Third,ants think about summer all
winter.During the winter,they remind____________(they), “This won’t last long and we’ll soon be out of here.”On
the first warm day,the ants are out. 5.(2024·河南三門峽考前適應性練習)Jane was walking
round the department store.She remembered how
difficult_______was to choose a suitable Christmas present
for her father. me/mine themselves it 一、人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞及疑問代詞的用法 人稱 分類 單數 復數 一 二 三 一 二 三 人稱代詞主格 (主語) 人稱代詞賓格 (賓語) 形容詞性物主代詞 (定語) I you he, she,it we you they me you him,her,it us you them my your his,her,its our your their 人稱 分類 單數 復數 一 二 三 一 二 三 名詞性物主代詞(主語或賓語,表語) 反身代詞(賓語或同位語) 疑問 代詞 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs myself yourself himself, herself, itself ourselves yourselves themselves who,whom,whose,which,what My thanks should go to those inspiring me to go ahead and giving me support as well. 我感謝那些鼓勵我前進并給予我支持的人。 What I want to say is this:you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想說的是,你應該抓住每一分鐘的時間完成你的工作。 Such is the power of the TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. 這就是電視的力量,它可以使人一夜成名。 二、不定代詞的用法 不定 代詞 用法 例句 each/ both/ all either /neit- her 不定 代詞 用法 例句 none/ noth- ing anot- her 不定代詞 用法 例句 other/ others the
other/ the
others
other泛指“其余的,另外的”,只作定語。other+復數名詞=others。 In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others/other countries,knives and
forks. the other特指“(兩者之中的)另一個”。the other+可數名詞復數=the others。 (2024·高考陜西卷,語法和詞匯知識,改編)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other. 三、指示代詞this,that,these,those,such,so的用法 指示代詞 用法 this/these that/those such so 指在時間或空間上較近的人或事物;this可指下文將要談到的人或物。 指在時間或空間上較遠的人或事物;that可指上文提到過的人或物。 指代前面所敘述的人或事物。作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數取決于后面的名詞或代詞的數。 代替一個句子或短語所表達的事情,意思是“如此,這樣”。在believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess等詞后用so代替前文提出的觀點。 (2024·高考天津卷,單項填空,改編)The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.這所小學校的教育質量比一些更大的學校的(教育質量)好。 (2024·山東濰坊模擬)People living in colder regions are generally larger than those living in hotter ones. 生活在寒冷地區的人通常比生活在炎熱地區的人身材高大些。 四、it的用法 1.用作人稱代詞,用來指代事物或上文提到過的內容。 The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家買了一套房子,但 是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。 2.it用作形式主語或形式賓語,而把真正的主語或賓語放 在后面,真正的主語或賓語往往由從句、動名詞、不定式 充當。 No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 不管在哪里,他養成了早餐前散步的習慣。 3.常用于固定搭配中。 make it成功;hate/like/enjoy it that...討厭/喜歡……;I can’t help it我沒有辦法;if I can help it如果我有辦法;when it comes to...當涉及……時;rely on/depend on/count on it that...相信……;as sb.puts it...正如某人所說……;I would appreciate it if...如果……,我將不勝感激。 I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考慮我的建議我將不勝感激。 1.(2024·南昌模擬)There are also two different trips,both
quite reasonably priced.____________is a climbing trip to the
top of Mount Puimonen.The other is a 5km cross country skiing trip. 2.(2024·河南三門峽考前適應性練習)She did not hesitate for
long:although her father smoked a pipe only once in a
while,she knew that this was a present which was bound to
please____________. One him 3.(2024·青島高三統一質量檢測)Both teams were in hard training;____________was willing to lose the game. 4.(2024·河北五個一名校聯盟監測二)I don’t think ____________is necessary for you to buy the fastest
one.It would be a waste of money. neither it 技法1 通過句子成分確定填什么代詞 分析句子成分,如果句中缺主語,則可能填人稱代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it;如果缺賓語,則可能填人稱代詞賓格;如果賓語與主語是指同一人,則應用反身代詞。
(2024·日照模擬)On my desk is a photo that my
father took of____________(I) when I was a baby. 【解析】設空處作介詞of的賓語,應用人稱代詞賓格;再結 合句意“我的桌子上有張我小時候父親為我拍的照片”可知 填me。 me 技法2 通過句式結構判斷是否填it 根據句式結構,判斷句子是否為it的特殊句式,it作形式主 語、形式賓語或在強調句式中。
(2024·山西四校聯考)I’d appreciate____________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will
come. 【解析】句意:如果你能提前告知我你是否會來的話,我將 感激不盡。I’d appreciate it if...為固定句型,意為“如 果……,我將感激不盡”。it在該句型中作形式賓語,指代 下文if從句的內容。 it 欄目導引 專題1
名詞、冠詞和代詞 專題強 化訓練 2024高考導航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ 專題1
名詞、冠詞和代詞 考查點 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢 名詞 1.全國卷Ⅰ65題[名詞單復數]
2.全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯第七處[名詞單復數] 1.全國卷Ⅰ69題[名詞單復數]
2.全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯第三處[名詞單復數] 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯第四處[名詞單復數] 名詞主要考查名詞單復數變化以及名詞的詞性轉換。 專題1
名詞、冠詞和代詞 考查點 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢 冠詞的基本用法 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯第二處[the] 全國卷Ⅰ63題[the用于最高級前] 未考 1.語法填空和短文改錯主要考查冠詞的特指、泛指以及冠詞在習慣用語或固定搭配中的用法。 2.短文改錯中常考查冠詞的錯用和漏用。 冠詞的習慣用語或固定搭配 未考 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯第五處[as a result] 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯第八處[in fact] 專題1
名詞、冠詞和代詞 考查點 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢 人稱代 詞、物 主代詞 及反身 代詞的 用法 1.全國卷Ⅰ63題[形容詞性物主代詞its] 2.全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯第十處[形容詞性物主代詞our] 未考 未考 2024年之后高考對代詞的考查有所變化,主要考查it和人稱代詞的用法。這一專題在語篇型語法填空題中重點考查在語境中運用正確的代詞;在短文改錯中主要考查正確區分人稱代詞的主格和賓格以及指代一致。 it的用法 未考 未考 未考 不定代 詞的用法 未考 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯第八處[不定代詞many] 未考 考點一 名詞的單復數
1.(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ,語法填空,節選)While there are
amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us
the____________(change) are gradual and require a lot of
effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. changes 2.(2024·南昌十所重點中學二模)In keeping a diary in
English,we certainly run up against many____________ (difficult). 3.(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ,短文改錯,節選)Since then-for all
these year-we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed
where they please._______________ difficulties year→years 名詞的單復數 1.可數名詞的數 (1)可數名詞單數變復數的規則變化 可數名詞的復數形式通常是在單數形式詞尾后加-s或-es,規 則的復數構成形式如下: 變化規則 例詞 一般情況下
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh結尾的名詞
在詞尾直接加-s table→tables park→parks 在詞尾加-es bus→buses box→boxes wish→wishes watch→watches 變化規則 例詞 以輔音字母加-y結尾的名詞 以元音字母加-y結尾的名詞 將-y變為-i再加-es family→families butterfly→butterflies dictionary→dictionaries 在詞尾直接加-s day→days holiday→holidays monkey→monkeys 變化規則 例詞 以-o結尾的名詞 以-f或-fe結尾的名詞 一般在詞尾加-s photo→photos radio→radios zoo→zoos 有些在詞尾加-es potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes hero→heroes 一般變-f或-fe為 -v,再加-es knife→knives wife→wives life→lives
leaf→leaves 少數直接加-s roof→roofs belief→beliefs (2)有些名詞復數形式不是以加-s或-es構成,它們的不規則構 成形式如下: 變化規則 例詞 變內部元音 詞尾加-en或-ren 單復數同形 man→men woman→women foot→ feet mouse→mice goose→geese tooth→teeth ox→oxen child→children fish,sheep,deer,means(方式;方法), series,Chinese,Swiss 2.不可數名詞的數 一般地說,物質名詞和抽象名詞是不可數的,因此沒有復數 形式,一般也不能用a或an修飾。通常只用作不可數名詞的名 詞有:milk,homework,housework,weather,news, information,bread,advice,progress,equipment,meat, fun,luggage,furniture,wealth,word(消息),room (空間),man(人類)等。 特別注意 1.word意為“消息”,room意為“空間”,man意為“人 類”時,通常不帶任何修飾詞。 Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday. 有消息稱會議將于周五召開。 2.名詞前有man或woman修飾,變復數時,作定語的 man/woman和中心詞都要變成復數形式。 man doctor→men doctors男醫生 woman waiter→women waiters女服務生 名師指津 1.不定冠詞a、an后用名詞單數形式。 2.有some、many、all、both等詞修飾時名詞用復數形式。 3.名詞前有one of時,名詞用復數形式。 4.謂語動詞是復數,名詞作主語時確定名詞為復數。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1.(2024·太原模擬)The little boy ate so many___________ (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. 2.(2024·山東臨沂二模)The ALS makes people’s muscles
become hard.It is hard for the patients to move.Stephen
Hocking is one of the____________(suffer). 3.(2024·江西重點中學盟校第一次聯考)So I hope there will be more and more charity shops in ther__________(place). potatoes suffers places Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.(2024·石家莊二模)Plant had to be on land before animals
arrived.__________________ 2.(2024·江西贛州高三摸底考試)When my uncle arrived with
a smile,I threw my arm around him to give him a warm hug. __________________ 3.(2024·濟寧模擬)—I feel terrible,I didn’t do well in the
math test. —Don’t take it too hard.you’re already making progresses
and will surely learn it well.______________________ Plant→Plants arm→arms progresses→progress 考點二 詞性的轉換
1. (2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ,語法填空,節選)In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their____________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. ability 2.(2024·河南洛陽高三第二次統一考試)How do learning
habits influence learning results?It’s useful and necessary
to discuss learning habits.There is a famous___________ (say) “Good habits lead to good endings”,which shows the
importance of habits. 3.(2024·山東日照二模)Be sure to be with a strong ____________(aware) that you are what you eat! saying awareness 一、形容詞變名詞的后綴 后綴 例詞 -age -cy -dom short→shortage不足;短缺 efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency